Mathematical Modelling Method Application for Optimisation of Catalytic Reforming process

The application of mathematical modelling method monitoring of catalytic reforming unit of Komsomolsk oil-refinery is proposed. The mathematical model-based system “Catalyst's Control” which takes into account both the physical and chemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon mixture conversion reaction as well as the catalyst deactivation was used for catalytic reforming installation monitoring. The models created can be used for optimization and prediction of operating parameters (octane number, reactors outlet temperature and yield) of the reforming process. It is shown, that the work on the optimal activity allows increasing product output with a constant level of production costs, and get the information about Pt-Re catalyst work efficiency

Magnetic field and plasma inside and outside of the Martian magnetosphere

Simultaneous magnetic and plasma measurements, carried out by wide angle plasma detectors in the Mars environment, are compared in order to identify regions with significantly different physical properties. Magnetograms and ion spectra indicate changes in the magnetopause and magnetosphere of Mars that are associated with the dynamic pressure effect of the solar wind

Usage of Mobile Laboratories of Biological Expertise Abroad and in Russia: Present Day Realities and Prospects

We analyzed the data on availability and usage of mobile laboratories of biological expertise for indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation. We outlined the major types of mobile units that exist abroad and in Russia. Key stages of evolution in design and deployment of mobile laboratories in the network of plague control institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor were described, as well as the broadening of the range of their use in Russia. We assessed operational use of the Russian mobile laboratories, both in Russia and abroad, in the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare during mass events, disaster management, and response to epidemic manifestations of particularly dangerous infectious diseases. Major trends in implementation of mobile units of biological expertise in Russia were identified. We addressed their usage in various State Programs on assistance to partner-countries in the matters of International Health Regulations (2005) implementation, control over dangerous infectious diseases. Advanced inventions – Second generation modernized mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, and airmobile anti-epidemic complex – were discussed

Basic Principles of Construction of Mobile Truck-Mounted Laboratories for Indication and Identification of Infectious Disease Agents

The paper covers historical retrospective of mobile truck-mounted laboratory construction, used for diagnostics of infectious diseases in the Russian Federation, as well as information on analogous laboratories of foreign manufacture. From the standpoint of systemic approach and systemic-functional analysis, investigated has been experience of the Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “ Microbe” in developing mobile complexes for indication and identification of infectious disease agents, I-IV pathogenicity groups. Outlined, scientifically substantiated and considered in depth are ten basic principles, underlying design and construction of mobile laboratories for laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases

Improvement of the Normative-Regulatory Framework Concerning Anti-Epidemic Procedures for Works with Infectious Disease Agents in Mobile Laboratories of Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams (SAET)

Carried out is a range of investigations aimed at the improvement of the anti-epidemic procedures for works with infectious disease agents (herein biological safety provision) in mobile laboratories of specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Evaluation of the operational experience of stationary and field laboratories, as well as comparative analysis of the national safety requirements for works with pathogenic biological agents and WHO international regulations in the sphere of biological safety provision in laboratories, has made it possible to outline common for all types of microbiological laboratories principles for biosafety provision. With due consideration of these principles formulated are the core requirements for the provision of biological safety of SAET activities. Based on the results of biorisk and biohazard assessment which have to do with innovative mobile laboratories, worked out is a system of anti-epidemic procedures aimed towards establishment of the conditions that offer as low as practically achievable level of risk for personnel of SAET mobile laboratories, for population and human environment too. These practices, designed for biological safety provision among the personnel of mobile laboratories (ML), have been played back in a number of standard operational procedures. With a view to establishing of the environment with acceptable level of biorisk for the personnel and population when ML are used for various purposes and in various contingencies (in full force, single unit or several modules), worked out are the algorithms of decision-making support as regards selection of modules and optional accessories. However, there is a need for emergency response plans and training programs for the personnel on the provision of biosafety in ML to ensure and maintain acceptable level of biorisk connected with ML functioning

Key Stages in the Development of SAET Laboratory Facilities

Considered are the stages of the SAET laboratory facilities development. Initially main area of activities was assumed to be specific indication of bacterial threats and laboratory control over the ambient environment objects for the presence of particularly dangerous infectious disease agents. Significant increment in the workload occurred during the period of localization and elimination of epidemic cholera manifestations in the 1970s, when primary tasks of bacteriological unit consisted in carrying out mass bacteriological investigations of samples from humans, environment objects, and food items. Assignment of new functions to the laboratory facilities, such as performance of sanitary-microbiological investigations, monitoring over ambient environment objects for the presence of vibrio-flora and natural-focal infectious disease agents, clinical material assays - is associated with SAETs participation in liquidation of medical-sanitary consequences of natural disasters and human cost relief as aftermaths of military conflicts, as well as participation in management of mass events with international representation. Most important issues in the development of SAET laboratory facilities are implementation of advanced diagnostic technologies, automatization of various stages in the process of analysis performing, standardization of diagnostic investigations, and ensuring compliance of the facilities with national and international requirements

Principles of Organization and Carrying out of Laboratory Diagnostics in the Mobile Indication Laboratory Used for Epizootiological Surveillance over Particularly Dangerous and Other Natural Foci Infections

Determined are optimal structure and basic principles of organization of work in the mobile indication laboratory for carrying-out of epizootiological surveillance over particularly dangerous and other natural foci infections. Outlined are the requirements to the laboratory itself, to specialists, and organization of investigations too. All the measures mentioned above will allow to entrench the order of laboratory diagnostics conducted in the mobile laboratory in case of epizootiological surveillance over natural foci of particularly dangerous infectious diseases

Non-Specific Indication of Microorganisms in Environmental Samples

The review presents an analysis of modern methods and instruments for performing nonspecific detection of pathogenic biological agents in environmental objects. Discussed are technological characteristics of application of these methods for the detection of biological substances of protein nature in samples. The spectrum of means for non-specific PBA detection includes home-produced and foreign field devices based on protein contamination indication using various colorimetry variants. Technologies for remote and direct monitoring of environment for the presence of aerosols of biological nature are represented by hybrid lidar systems (biolidars) and biodetectors. For PBA nucleic acids tracing, the complexes based on DNA molecule binding with fluorophore with further fluorescence detection are described. Given are the examples of chemiluminescent analysis application in the developed automatic impurity detectors, as well as systems using bioluminescence. Based on the literature data analysis, put forward is a possible algorithm for indication of pathogenic biological agents when carrying out monitoring of the environment in zones of possible emergency situation occurrence and mass events holding

Методика фМРТ анализа двигательной функциональной системы у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы

The aim of the study. To identify alterations of motor connectome in patients with varying degrees of hemi-paresis after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus healthy volunteers.Material and methods. The study included 29 patients with TBI aged 18 to 35 years and 23 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 32 years. Participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuroimaging study. Motor impairment was evaluated via muscle strength assessment using a five-score scale. The fMRI data were processed using a dedicated CONN software package. Anatomical 3-D connection masks of the whole brain motor functional system in the predetermined regions of interest (ROIs) were used for the assessment. Then the group indicators of functional connectivity (statistical significance of the connection) were computed.Results. It was established that the structure of connections in healthy individuals performing active movement with the right (leading) hand is determined by formation of focus in the cortical and subcortical ROIs in the contralateral hemisphere. With passive movement of the right hand the pale ball becomes functionally active in addition to the activated areas. The striopallidar system structures became active on both sides, and connectivity with the additional motor cortex and the motor cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere emerged as the paresis increased during active movement. The focus of motor activity during passive movement was determined in the motor cortex and putamen, which makes it possible to use a passive test in patients with gross motor disorders or unconsciousness for a full assessment of the entire structural and functional brain connectome.Conclusion. As hemiparesis increased in patients after severe traumatic brain injury, a decrease in the total number of connection appeared; simultaneous engagement of ancient primordial structures, such as bilateral activation of pale globes, demonstrated neuroplasticity.Цель исследования — выявить изменения структуры двигательной функциональной системы в норме и у пациентов при разной степени гемипареза после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ЧМТ).Материал и методы. В исследование включили 52 человека (29 пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет, перенесших ЧМТ, и 23 здоровых испытуемых в возрасте от 20 до 32 лет). Проводили комплексное клиническое и нейровизуализационное исследование. Нарушение движений исследовали по пятибалльной шкале оценки мышечной силы. Данные фМРТ обрабатывали с помощью специализированного пакета программ CONN. Создавали «маску» двигательной функциональной системы по заданным зонам интереса (regions of interest, ROI) в объеме головного мозга. Затем вычисляли групповые показатели коннективности (статистическая значимость связи).Результаты. Установили, что при самостоятельном движении правой (ведущей) рукой у здоровых людей структура связей определяется формированием фокуса корковых и подкорковых зонах интереса контралатерального движению полушария. При пассивном движении правой рукой в дополнение к активированным областям функционально активным становится бледный шар. По мере нарастания пареза при активном движении появлялась активность структур стриопаллидарной системы с двух сторон, появлялась связанность дополнительной моторной коры и моторной коры ипсилатерального полушария. При пассивном движении определяли фокус двигательной активности в моторной коре и скорлупе, что позволяет применять пассивную пробу у пациентов с грубыми двигательными нарушениями или без сознания для полноценной оценки всей двигательной функциональной системы головного мозга.Заключение. По мере нарастания гемипареза у пациентов после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы отметили уменьшение общего количества связанностей; при этом включались более древние структуры в виде активизации бледного шара с двух сторон, что отражает нейропластические процессы