Diagnostic Mistakes as Regards Chronic Form of Brucellosis

Analyzed were case records of patients with chronic brucellosis for the period of 1994-2009. Presented are the examples from the disease anamnesis of the patients examined in the infectious unit of Krasnoyarsk municipal hospital, with diagnosis of brucellosis established not in time. The reasons of diagnostic mistakes in various forms of brucellosis are considered

Long wave propagation, shoaling and run-up in nearshore areas

This paper discusses the possibility to study propagation, shoaling and run-up of these waves over a slope in a 300-meter long large wave flume (GWK), Hannover. For this purpose long bell-shaped solitary waves (elongated solitons) of different amplitude and the same period of 30 s are generated. Experimental data of long wave propagation in the flume are compared with numerical simulations performed within the fully nonlinear potential flow theory and KdV equations. Shoaling and run-up of waves on different mild slopes is studied hypothetically using nonlinear shallow water theory. Conclusions about the feasibility of using large scale experimental facility (GWK) to study tsunami wave propagation and run-up are made.Alexander von Humboldt foundationRFBR/14-02-00983RFBR/14-05-0009

Mutations designed to modify the NS gene mRNA secondary structure affect influenza A pathogenicity in vivo

The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus.  The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region.The influenza A virus genome consists of eight segments of negative-sense RNA that encode up to 18 proteins. During the process of viral replication, positive-sense (+)RNA (cRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized. Today, there is only a partial understanding of the function of several secondary structures within vRNA and cRNA promoters, and splice sites in the M and NS genes. The most precise secondary structure of (+)RNA has been determined for the NS segment of influenza A virus.  The influenza A virus NS gene features two regions with a conserved mRNA secondary structure located near splice sites. Here, we compared 4 variants of the A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 strain featuring different combinations of secondary structures at the NS segment (+)RNA regions 82-148 and 497-564. We found that RNA structures did not affect viral replication in cell culture. However, one of the viruses demonstrated lower NS1 and NEP expression levels during early stage cell infection as well as reduced pathogenicity in mice compared to other variants. In particular, this virus is characterized by an RNA hairpin in the 82-148 region and a stable hairpin in the 497-564 region

Characteristic of the immune status of patients with flu

The immune answer to an anti-gene which is transferring air pukty, depends on complex interaction of factors of the vrozhkdenny and acquired immunity: cages mucous the top respiratory ways, anti-genes, T - V-lymphocytes and nespetsificheksky factors of protection of the top respiratory ways. The majority of viruses of flu are found and destroyed within several hours by mechanisms of the congenital immunity which effectors aren't antigenspetsifichny and don't demand the long period of an induction. Such components are involved in system of congenital immunity, as slime, интерфероны and others цитокины, a complement, antigenpredstavlyayushchy cages, natural killers. If viruses of flu are able to avoid these early protective mechanisms, they are found and destroyed by adaptive mechanisms where T - both V-lymphocytes and their products function as antigenspetsifichesky effectors (antibodies, cytotoxic T-cages). Immunity duration at a virus infection depends as by nature a virus (cytopathogenicity, speed a nakoplekniya, ways of evasion on immune system of the owner), and on factors congenital, and adaptive immunity of a macroorganism, formation of immunological memory after primary meeting with a virus, the T caused by education — and memory V-cages.Иммунный ответ на антиген, передающийся воздушным пу-.тем, зависит от комплексного взаимодействия факторов врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета: клеток слизистой верхних дыхательных путей, антигенов, Т- и В-лимфоцитов, неспецифических факторов защиты верхних дыхательных путей. Большинство вирусов гриппа обнаруживаются и уничтожаются в течение нескольких часов механизмами врожденного иммунитета, эффекторы которого не являются антигенспецифичными и не требуют длительного периода индукции. В систему врожденного иммунитета вовлекаются такие компоненты, как слизь, интерфероны и другие цитокины, комплемент, антигенпредставляющие клетки, натуральные киллеры. Если вирусы гриппа смогут избежать этих ранних защитных механизмов, они обнаруживаются и уничтожаются адаптивными механизмами, где Т- и В-лимфоциты и их продукты функционируют как антигенспецифические эффекторы (антитела, цитотоксические Т-клетки). Продолжительность иммунитета при вирусной инфекции зависит как от природы вируса (цитопатогенность, скорость накопления, способы уклонения от иммунной системы хозяина), так и от факторов врожденного, и адаптивного иммунитета макроорганизма, формирования иммунологической памяти после первичной встречи с вирусом, обусловленной образованием Т- и В- клеток памяти

Primary disability due to diseases of the digestive system in the Irkutsk region: Dynamics of 2009–2020 and its reasons

The aim. To study the dynamics of primary disability due to diseases of the digestive system (DDS) in the Irkutsk region for 2009–2020 in adults, its possible causes in comparison with the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population.Materials and methods. The database of persons recognized as disabled for the first time due to the DDS in the Irkutsk region were analyzed by the solid method. The share in percent and the level of primary disability per 10,000 of the adult population were calculated. DDS morbidity and mortality were analyzed according to the forms of state statistics, the indicators were calculated per 100,000 population. In addition, data on the analysis of the causes of death provided by medical organizations for each person who died from DDS was studied.Results. The number of people recognized as disabled for the first time due to DDS decreased by 2.2 times for the analyzed years, the level of primary disability for 2014–2020 – by 1.9 times. The main contribution to the primary disability due to DDS all the years was made by cirrhosis of the liver. Primary incidence of DDS in the Irkutsk region in the adult population for 2009–2019 increased by 1.5 times (the decline in 2020 was caused by the cessation of dispensary examinations due to the epidemic of a new coronavirus infection). Mortality due DDS increased from 2017 to 2020 by 1.3 times. The main contribution to mortality is made by alcoholic causes – primarily liver cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis.An analysis was made of changes in regulatory documents according to the criteria for establishing disability to clarify the reason for the decrease in disability rates due DDS at the same time with an increase in morbidity and mortality.Conclusion. It is not possible to explain the decrease in the proportion and level of primary disability due to DDS only by improving the quality of medical care with an increase in morbidity and mortality. A certain contribution to the reduction of disability rates was made by changes in the normative documents on the establishment of disability, starting from 2014

APPLICATION OF A PRELIMINARY (PRE-TRIAL) CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS MODELING METHOD

Purpose: The article conducts the study application of a preliminary (pre-trial) criminal proceedings modeling method. Methodology: We have shown the important role of blended learning in the maintenance and development of the subject-subject model of interaction between students and teachers. The implementation of subject-subject interaction was considered on the example of the discipline "General and professional pedagogy", the electronic course of which is presented on the Moodle platform. Result: In our opinion, the main problem lies in the fact that the investigator constantly has to deal with various kinds of situations that need to be properly perceived, professionally analyzed, and, as quickly as possible, create a complete picture of what happened, however, it is not always possible. For this purpose, the subject of the investigation should use the entire arsenal of available methods, means, and methods that would allow knowing the event that occurred. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of application of a preliminary (pre-trial) criminal proceedings modeling method is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Specifics of defense and coping behavior among teachers experiencing a professional identity crisis

The issues addressed in the article are of particular relevance due to the necessity to provide research background for creating the system of psychological and pedagogical support for the professional development of teachers in the conditions of permanent changes in the system of education. The aim of the article is to describe specific interrelations between the reflection and the parameters of the teacher's axiological sphere (in particular, life-purpose orientations). The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis of psycholog-ical and educational literature, phenomenological method, questionnaires, and methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (descriptive statistics, comparative analysis (the Mann-Whitney U test). The results of the theoretical and empirical research provide ade-quate grounds for the conclusion that there is a definite interrelation between the parameters of reflection and the parameters of life-purpose orientations. It is proved that in the conditions of a professional identity crisis the teachers experience a significant reduction in the levels of life-purpose orientations, which in turn leads to intensification of reflection processes. At the same time, the obtained results suggest that the teachers can successfully overcome their professional crisis in case of formation of the cognitive component of the biographical reflection, aimed at the analysis of actions and means of understanding and organizing their life events. Implications of the research results. The research results expand our understanding of the essence and emotional experience of the professional identity crisis. They can be used in the designing the process of psychological support for the activities and professional development of teachers. © 2018 Authors

Psychological and pedagogical support for the social workers professional development

The effectiveness of psychological andpedagogical support is determined by the following factors: self-determination and voluntary participation; activating education results; taking into account and developing social workers’ educational needs; the use of the dichotomic and humanistic approaches; social workers’ selfdetermination; interactive mode of cooperation, democratic style of communicatio

Semantic context of professional identity crisis experience by teachers

The topicality of the problem under research is predetermined by the need of psychology and pedagogy for the study of the phenomenology of professional identity crisis, the process of its experience by school teachers as well as for the development of the system of psychological and pedagogical support of teachers' professional development in the situation of permanent changes in the education system. The objective of the study is to reveal the content of the professional identity crisis, to describe its main features and analyze the semantic context of its experience by teachers. The principal methods of study of this problem are the phenomenological method, tests to identify the semantic context of the process of the professional identity crisis experience by teachers. The results of the study broaden the understanding of the phenomenon of professional identity crisis and its experience, the content of professional crisis and the phenomenology of professional development of teachers. The materials of the article may be useful for psychologists when designing programs of psychological support of teachers´ professional development. © 2017, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved.Russian Humanitarian Foundation: No.16-36-01031The research is performed thanks to the support of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation within the framework of scientific and research project "Psychological mechanisms of professional identity crisis experience by teachers", project No.16-36-01031