96 research outputs found
HERPES ZOSTER IN RA PATIENT TREATED WITH METHOTREXATE
This article describes herpes zoster (HZ) manifestation in RA patient treated with Methotrexate (MTX). The possibility of effective continuation of MTX after the symptoms of HZ resolve is demonstrated. The possibility of a causal relationship between the use of the MT and the manifestation HZ infection, and treatment options are discussed
SAFETY OF USING METHOTREXATE SOLUTION FOR SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Objective: to evaluate the safety of treatment with methotrexate (MT) solution for subcutaneous injections in patientsΒ with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Subjects and methods. 237 RA patients enrolled in the study within the REMARCA protocol were given MT solutionΒ for subcutaneous injections (Metoject) to assess the standard parameters of therapy safety.Results. Overall, adverse events (AE) were noted in 49 (21%) patients. In 30 (30%) of them RA duration was less thanΒ 6 months (Group 1) and in 19 (14%) β more than 6 months (Group 2), in most cases average MT dose was 20.9Β±3.45Β mg/week. Elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, nausea, postinjection reactions,Β alopecia, rash, infections, and leukopenia, were common (> 1%, but <10%); diarrhea, metallic taste in theΒ mouth, soft tissue abscess/infiltration developing far from the injection site, were uncommon (the WHO term correspondingΒ to 0.1β1%). AE required MT discontinuation in 4.2% of the patients.Conclusion. The results of the study allow discussing subcutaneous MT administration before treatment with biologicals,Β which makes it possible not only to reduce financial expenditures, but also to improve patient safet
ΠΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
The paper brings forward results of the empirical study of the phenomenon of marriage satisfaction in bi-ethnic and mono-ethnic officially married couples. The authors distinguish the following main characteristics of marriage satisfaction: personal, mutual, average for a married couple, characteristics according to spheres of marriage (household, sexual-erotic, leisure, psychotherapeutic, birth and upbringing of children, unanimity of views and judgments of relatives and friends), features of conflicts in bi-ethnic and mono-ethnic marriages. Methods of the study included (a) the analysis of the literature on the problem, (b) psycho-diagnostic method, (c) comparisons of respondent groups, and (d) methods of qualitative and quantitative and statistical analysis of the results. Methodological tools included the βMarriage Satisfactionβ test by O. O. Eremichevaand L. Ia. Gozman (in the adaptation of A. I. Tashcheva) and A. I. Tashchevaβs questionnaire for studying basic socio-demographic, socio-economic and other 19 characteristics of married couples.Partners of 30 officially married couples at the age from 25 to 35 (Russians, Armenians, Ossetians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Georgians) took part in the empirical study. From the results obtained in the present investigation the following conclusions were made. First, if to compare with bi-ethnic couples, mono-ethnic couples hadreliably higher marital satisfaction in whole. Second, mono-ethnic couples had reliably higher scores in characteristics according to spheres of marriage (household, sexual-erotic, leisure, psychotherapeutic, birth and upbringing of children, unanimityof views and judgments of relatives and friends).
The findings are of direct practical relevance and can be useful in psychological centers when working with marrying and divorcing couples with a different ethnic composition for the initial diagnostics of the quality of relationship in marriage, prevention and psychological correction of destructive marital conflicts to optimize the quality of marital relationship as a basic means of productive positive implementation of the state population policy.This paper presents a part of a broader study entitled βMarital conflicts in bi- etnic couples at the age of early maturityβ [7].Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ: Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ), ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π²Ρ- ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ
.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Β«Π£Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ» Π. Π. ΠΡΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π. Π―. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ°Π½Π°, Π² Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π. Π. Π’Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Π. Π. Π’Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ 19 Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ.
ΠΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΡΡ 30 ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
25β35 Π»Π΅Ρ (ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π°ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π΅, ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ).
Π ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ; ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ).
ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Β«Π‘ΡΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» [7]
ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Introduction. Universities provide a range of problem-solving oriented social support services to help students and faculty who experience psychological difficulties. The psychological support service of the university is an important additional form of socio-psychological protection of a person by support at the educational and / or workplace, it is intended to provide psychological assistance, analysis and settlement (mediation) of conflict and critical incidents, (anti) crisis management or expert analysis and guidance / and support in the form of monitoring the impact on health and well-being of the processes and results of educational and related programs and innovations, correction and assistance in coping with difficult situations and problems, coaching of personal, group and organizational development Modern university life is rich in events and problems: it can be exciting and interesting, but, one way or another, it has many difficulties that a person cannot always cope with on his own, including using the usual resources of family, work and educational support. He needs the directed professional support of a psychologist, and, if possible, the help of a multidisciplinary academic service. Such assistance includes both support for a person in situations of stress, conflicts, crises of educational and professional life, and in a number of other problematic situations, violations and difficulties.Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of modern academic psychological services, psychological support of the educational process as a sphere of numerous types of human assistance to a person in solving the tasks facing him of coping with crises of personal, interpersonal and educational and professional development.Methodology and methods of the study. Research method are theoretical structuring and technological support of the psychological support of the educational process.Results. Academic Services can be contacted by clients for confidential, personal and professional advice, etc. for development, assistance in the following areas: immediate relief from stress, identifying strategies for coping with current problems or a crisis, exploring ways for longer-term solutions and larger changes, developing and thinking about next steps, correcting planned routes, etc., developing self-help competencies.Conclusion. Modern academic psychological support services are interdisciplinary, polymorphic, polyfunctional and polytechnological structures that are actively developing in the direction of providing assistance and self-help support to people with disorders and requests that are very different in type, form, intensity and mode.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ) ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², (Π°Π½ΡΠΈ) ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°/ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ: ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΌΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±, ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ: Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄., ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΠ·Π΅
Introduction. In the article the most widely used models of academic psychological support as basic ones for many universities in the world are supposed to be a systemic nature. All these models postulate the importance of systematic, targeted and operational assistance to the subjects of education. All these models proceed from the fact that almost all students and teachers of modern universities in one way or another face many psychological problems that can adversely affect the academic performance of the former and the success of the latter. Purpose setting. The purpose of the study is to analyze the models of psychological support of the educational process as a sphere of numerous types of helping a person to a person in solving the tasks facing him of coping with crises of personal, interpersonal and educational and professional development. Methodology of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of common models of academic support for the psychological well-being of subjects of the educational process. Modern models are analyzed that allow purposefully and systematically (multilevel and multidimensional), promptly and effectively provide corrective and developmental psychological assistance to the subjects of the educational process. Results. Universities, as institutions of culture, its transmission and production, are important centers of life for students and teachers. They are communities with interdisciplinary systems of collaboration and support and serve to ensure that all entities are provided with the affordable, quality, ongoing care they sometimes desperately need. Comprehensive, culturally sensitive university services can help eliminate and prevent inequalities in access to education and its academic support, help to reduce the restrictions associated with receiving psychological and other services, making them part of the educational system. Ensuring the continuity of mental health services is critical to effectively meeting the wide range of needs of learners. Comprehensive mental health services are most effective when they are delivered through systemic practices: a layered and multidimensional system of the other two structures, as presented in the Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) programs, Intervention Response Model (RTI) and other domestic and foreign models. Conclusion. High-quality, timely and targeted aid and support for educational subjects in various types of educational and life situations can significantly improve the quality of education and, among other things, make a significant contribution to the improvement of the society as a whole. Domestic support experience needs to be enriched with elements and principles of developments and models common in the modern foreign world, including those that increase the timeliness and relevance (accessibility) and quality (intensity and effectiveness) of assistance.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ (ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ), ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄/ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π² ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Β«ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» (PBIS) ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (RTI) ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ)Β ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°: ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors blocking the programmed death 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyteassociated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have shown a prominent anti-tumor activity with long-term responses and an acceptable toxicity profileΒ in clinical trials. Pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab, avelumab, and durvalumab are anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents that redefine the standard of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma. CTLA-4 inhibitors are also under investigation in this setting. Phase III trial KEYNOTE-045 has demonstrated significant survival benefit in patients treated with pembrolizumab comparing with the standard second-line chemotherapy. Atezolizumab, nivolumab, avelumab, and durvalumab were also recommended for platinum-pretreated urothelial carcinoma patients based on phase II data. Following investigations of biomarkers such as PD-L1 expression are needed to determine high-responders to immunotherapy. This review article describes the advances in immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors.Π£ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ 1 (PD-1), Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (PDβL1) ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° 4 (CTLA-4) Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ PD-1 β ΠΏΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π± ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ PDβL1 β Π°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±, Π°Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ°Π± ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠ°Π± β ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ CTLA-4 ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ III ΡΠ°Π·Ρ KEYNOTE-045 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ 2-ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±, Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ°Π±, Π°Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠΌΠ°Π± ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠ°Π± ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ II ΡΠ°Π·Ρ. Π 1-ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π° ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°Π±Π°. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°
ΠΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°: ΠΎΡ Β«Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ» ΠΊ Β«ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΒ»
The research aims at analyzing national education. Globalization as a cultural phenomenon assumes distribution of economic, legal, sociological, and other theories, including digital technologies, in the sphere of their application in science, art and education. Globalization aims at transmitting values, models of self-perception and world perception, as well as models of communication between countries considered to be carriers of universal human culture, Β«civilizationΒ» (Europe and the USA) into barbarian countries of the Β«secondΒ» and the Β«thirdΒ» worlds. In the process of globalization, education is particularly evident. It moves from upbringing and training of Homo sapiens person to Β«trainingΒ» of the specialist, Homo habilis, and, further, to the Β«formationΒ» of the consumer, Homo consΓΊmens, after which the formation of a Β«robot-resistantΒ» person of service or Homo officialis. The latter is naturally supplemented by Homo dominus, the formation of which can be completely different, but, in general, is not a necessity: Unification of power, cephalization of control (mondialization) actually counteract development. Digital technologies are just a small part of the process. Destruction of traditional education at the university is associated with the fact that the modern universi ty is outdated, unable to form a level of competence of students, sufficient to effectively solve problems in all areas of activity and in all specific situations. The author highlights that in a rapidly changing society, in which new fields of activity and new situations appear, training should be more dynamic. The purpose of such training in the university is seen in the formation of key competencies related to the chosen major and specifics of professional self-realization. Thus, instead of the supposed Β«expansionΒ» and Β«dynamizationΒ», education narrows and becomes more and Β«stationaryΒ». Elements of scientific search, co-creativity, are withdrawn, replaced by the production of templates, allowing to achieve a state of competitiveness in relation to robots and technologies in general.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ (Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ) Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, Β«ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ» (ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΠΈ Π‘Π¨Π) Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Β«Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΈ Β«ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΒ» ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ: ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Homo sapiens ΠΊ Β«ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Homo habilis ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊ Β«ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Homo consΓΊmens, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ β ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Β», Β«Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Homo officialis. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Homo dominus, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΠΌΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ) ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ β Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π» ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΠ· ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π», Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΡΠ·Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β«ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Β«Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΒ». ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Introduction. Modern university life is rich in events and problems: it has many difficulties, including such as adaptation to a new environment and the general stress of student / teaching life, etc. The university stress significantly reduces academic performance and negatively affects the psychological well-being of students, teachers and other members of the university community. Purpose setting. The psychological support service of the university is an important additional form of social and psychological protection of a person with support at the educational and / or workplace. It is designed to help the subjects of the educational process to overcome stresses and their consequences that affect educational relationships, the causes of which are both related and not directly related to these relationships. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and directions of work of modern academic psychological services. Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the psychological support of the educational process as a sphere of numerous types of psychological assistance from a person to a person in solving the tasks facing him of coping with crises of personal, interpersonal and educational and professional development. The research methodology is a systematic analysis of the problems and areas of work of the academic psychological service. Results. Academic services can be contacted by clients for getting confidential, personal and professional advice, etc. for their development, assistance in the following areas: immediate relief from stress, identifying strategies for coping with current problems or a crisis, exploring ways for longer-term solutions and larger changes, developing and thinking about next steps, correcting planned routes, etc., developing self-help competencies. Conclusion. Modern academic psychological support services are interdisciplinary, polymorphic, multifunctional and multitechnological structures that are actively developing in the direction of providing assistance and self-help support to people with disorders and requests that are very different in type, form, intensity and mode.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ/ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. Π£Π½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄. Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ: Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ. Π΄., ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
- β¦