Биохимический отклик двух видов рыб сем. Gobiidae на зараженность метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. в устье р. Чёрная (Чёрное море, Севастополь)

Изучен биохимический отклик двух видов рыб семейства бычковые – бычка-травяникаZosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814) и бычка-рыжика Ponticola eurycephalus (Kessler, 1874) на зараженность метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. в устье р. Чёрная (Чёрное море, Севастополь). Обнаружены видовые отличия ответной реакции биохимических параметров на зараженность рыб паразитами. Установлено, что при высоком уровне зараженности в мышцах бычка-рыжика происходит интенсификация процессов перекисного окисления липидов и ослабление антиоксидантной защиты, тогда как в мышцах бычка-травяника наблюдается повышение антиоксидантной ферментной активности. Предполагается, что травяник более устойчив к зараженности метацеркариями Cryptocotyle spp. по сравнению с рыжиком

Features of the hemostasis system state in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis detected by the method of low-frequency vibration piezoelectric hemocoagulography

Objective: to estimate the state of the hemostasis system in patients with tuberculosis by the method of LPHC. Methods: the state of the hemostasis system in patients with tuberculosis was evaluated with the aid of the analyzer of the blood rheological properties ARP - 01 “Mednord” as well as by the use of a standard complex of laboratory coagulation tests. The indices characterizing the initial stages of the blood coagulation, the intensity of thrombin formation and fibrin polymerization was evaluated by the LPHC method as well as the indices, which characterize the intensity of the clot retraction and fibrinolytic activity. Results: the comparative analysis of the state of the hemostasis system with the use of a standard coagulogram and LPHC express method in patients with tuberculosis revealed the presence of the processes of the moderate hyper-coagulation shift and suppression of fibrinolysis in them. Conclusion: the comparative estimation of the state of the hemostasis system in patients with tubercular infection with the aid of the method of low-frequency vibration piezoelectric hemocoagulography and standard coagulation tests revealed unidirectionality of the processes. The determination of changes in the components of the regulation of aggregation of the blood condition (RABC) system by the LPHC method allows to diagnose the development of complications in the blood coagulation system in patients with tuberculosis without manifestations of the corresponding clinical symptoms

Pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 haplotypes and risk of pituitary adenoma: a case-control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been suggested that pituitary adenoma results from accumulation of multiple genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations, which may be identified through association studies. As pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 (<it>PTTG1</it>)/securin plays a critical role in promoting genomic instability in pituitary neoplasia, the present study explored the association of <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes with the risk of pituitary adenoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We genotyped five <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNP) by PCR-RFLP assays in a case-control study, which included 280 Han Chinese patients diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and 280 age-, gender- and geographically matched Han Chinese controls. Haplotypes were reconstructed according to the genotyping data and linkage disequilibrium status of the htSNPs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of the htSNPs were observed between pituitary adenoma patients and controls, indicating that none of the individual <it>PTTG1 </it>SNPs examined in this study is associated with the risk of pituitary adenoma. In addition, no significant association was detected between the reconstructed <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes and pituitary adenoma cases or the controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Though no significant association was found between <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes and the risk of pituitary adenoma, this is the first report on the association of individual <it>PTTG1 </it>SNPs or <it>PTTG1 </it>haplotypes with the risk of pituitary adenoma based on a solid study; it will provide an important reference for future studies on the association between genetic alterations in <it>PTTG1 </it>and the risk of pituitary adenoma or other tumors.</p

Epidemiological Situation on the Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 and Prognosis for 2012

Analysis of the epidemiological situation on the tick-borne viral encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation with due consideration to weekly epidemiological monitoring data (2009-2011), conducted by Rospotrebnadzor organizations in the corresponding constituent entities, testifies of the fact that continuous decrease in morbidity, characteristic of the early XXI century, has given way to a slight increase within the past three years. Given that there are no spring or early-summer weather anomalies or forest fires, morbidity rates among the population of the Russian Federation in 2012 can tend to exceed 2011 rates. Comprehensive set of measures applied for the disease control and prevention in the majority of endemic territories is quite effective in view of averting sharp upturn of morbidity rates, but nevertheless is not sufficient in view of the suppression of epidemiological situation

The Role of Anti-Plague Institutions in Provision of the Epidemiological Well-Being During the Preparation and Carrying out of the APEC 2012 Summit

Summarized are the results of the work on provision of sanitary and epidemiological well-being during the arrangement and carrying out the APEC Summit on the Russky Island. The set of organizational and prophylactic measures aimed at prevention of potential danger of emergency situation of sanitary and epidemiological character is presented. Measures on provision of epidemiological well-being of the participants and guests of the APEC Summit, based upon interaction of the regional plague-control institutions with anti-epidemic and health services of the Primorsky Region, demonstrated their efficiency. Epidemiological situation on the Russky Island and Vladivostok city was safe. The materials presented can be used to develop a set of measures ensuring the epidemiological well-being during large scale political and economic events holding at the national and international levels

Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2012 and Prognosis for 2013

Analyzed are the epidemiological situation and preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2012. Short-term forecast for 2013 is made based on the population morbidity rate in the federal districts of Russia in 2007–2012

Studying Humoral Immune Response at Mild and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Forms

Background. Currently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most pressing healthcare problems is to ensure the safety of the population of the Russian Federation. There is insufficient information on the duration and intensity of post-infectious immunity in relation to SARS-CoV-2, especially in case of inapparent (without clinical signs), mild or latent forms of infection.Materials and methods. The study involved 99 volunteers with a laboratory confirmed PCR diagnosis of COVID-19 who were residents of the Irkutsk Region and of other regions of the Russian Federation and arrived to work in Bodaybo on a rotational basis. Also the study included 50 conditionally healthy people living in Irkutsk who had negative PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence.Specific IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using test systems “ELISA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG” (FBUN SSC PMB, Obolensk, Russian Federation), “SARS-CoV-2-IgG-IFA-BEST” and “SARS-CoV-2-IgM-IFA-BEST” (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation).Results. The results of a study of the humoral immunity of patients with asymptomatic and clinical forms of COVID-19 are presented. The data indicate the production of specific IgG in the blood serum of people in 2–3 weeks after SARSCov-2 infection and reaching its maximum level on the 20–21st day. The seroconversion rate  was 94.9 %. It was shown that the geometric mean titer of antibodies in asymptomatic and mild forms of coronavirus infection did not differ statistically and amounted to 1:512 and 1:632, respectively. Higher titers of antibodies (1:1600) were detected in the moderate form.Conclusion. The research results can serve as a basis for studying the dynamics of changes in the indicators  of the humoral immune response in patients with COVID-19 and for clarifying the duration of their post- infectious immunity in order to predict the development of the epidemic situation and to ensure the planning of specific prevention

Искусственный интеллект в судебной экспертологии

The article reviews the issues of studying the capabilities and areas of application of artificial intelligence technologies (AI) in forensic expertology as a science of forensic examination and forensic expert activity. The authors have developed the criteria for choosing the direction for the introduction of AI in the system of forensic expertology, and specifically in its innovative section – the management system of forensic expert activity.The prospects for the development of AI technologies in forensic examination are associated with the processing of big data based on the expert situation, the reliability of the data used in AI training and further validation (assessment of suitability) of the applied training methodology, analysis of the results of AI technology. To solve organizational and legal issues of integrating AI technologies into legal proceedings and, specifically, into forensic examination, a system of standards regulating the order, algorithms and procedures for its implementation and use of is proposed. At the same time, the assessment of the suitability of the results of the use of AI in forensic examination should become an ongoing process included in the activities of each forensic expert organization. The necessary consistency of this process determines the updated paradigm of forensic examination in the conditions of functioning AI technologies in it and the cyclical nature of the entire process of their implementation and use. Process cycle is a set of sequential actions at different levels: initiation of AI technology, evaluation (suitability) of its results at the first level, adjustment and implementation of the updated version of AI technology, assessment of the next level, etc. In GOST accredited ISO/IEC 17025-2019 forensic laboratories such system activity, although not related to AI, has already been implemented, it corresponds to the PDCA cycle (P – plan, D – do, C – check study, A – act). Therefore, for such laboratories, the modification of the organization and management of the activities in the implementation of AI technologies is the most organic and acceptable. In addition, all work on AI in the field of forensic expertise should take into account the provisions of the AI Code of Ethics, which applies to relations associated with the ethical aspects of creation (design, construction, piloting) the introduction and use of AI technologies at all stages of forensic activities.В статье рассмотрены вопросы изучения возможностей и сфер применения технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в судебной экспертологии как науке о судебной экспертизе и судебно-экспертной деятельности (СЭД). Разработаны критерии выбора направлений для внедрения ИИ как в целом в систему судебной экспертологии, так и конкретно в ее инновационный раздел – систему менеджмента СЭД.Перспективы развития технологий ИИ в судебной экспертизе связаны с обработкой больших данных на основе экспертной ситуации, достоверностью данных, используемых при обучении ИИ, и дальнейшей валидацией (оценкой пригодности) применяемой методологии обучения, анализом результатов работы технологии ИИ в СЭД. Одной из наиболее перспективных представлена технология генерирования и распознавания текстов, в том числе для решения рутинных задач поиска и обработки массива документов по стандартизации.В целях решения организационно-правовых вопросов интеграции ИИ в судопроизводство, в том числе и в судебную экспертизу, предлагается система стандартов, регулирующих порядок, алгоритмы и процедуры внедрения и использования технологий ИИ в СЭД. При этом оценка пригодности результатов применения ИИ должна стать постоянным процессом, включенным в деятельность каждой судебно-экспертной организации. Необходимость осуществления данного процесса определяет обновленную парадигму судебной экспертологии в условиях функционирования в ней технологий ИИ и цикличность всего процесса их внедрения и использования.Цикличность процесса представляет собой совокупность последовательных действий на различных уровнях: начало использования технологии ИИ, оценку (пригодности) ее результатов на первом уровне, корректировку и ввод в действие обновленной версии технологии ИИ, оценку следующего уровня и т. д. В судебно-экспертных лабораториях (СЭЛ), аккредитованных по стандарту ГОСТ ISO/IEC 17025-2019, такая системная деятельность, хотя и не связанная с ИИ, уже внедрена, она соответствует циклу PDCA (P  – планирование, D  – действие, C  – контроль и исправление ошибок, A – действие с учетом коррекции). Следовательно, для таких лабораторий видоизменение организации и управления осуществляемой деятельностью при внедрении технологий ИИ в СЭД является наиболее органичным и приемлемым. Кроме того, все работы по ИИ в сфере судебной экспертологии должны учитывать положения кодекса этики ИИ, которые распространяются на отношения, связанные с этическими аспектами создания (проектирования, конструирования, пилотирования), внедрения и использования технологий ИИ на всех этапах СЭД.

Results of Monitoring over the West Nile Fever Pathogen in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2017. Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in Russia in 2018

In Europe, in the epidemic season 2017, the incidence of West Nile fever did not exceed the index of the previous season. In the US and Canada, there was an increase in the incidence of cases. West Nile fever morbidity rates in the Russian Federation and in separate constituent entities were below the average long-term index and had the lowest value for the period since 2008. 41.6 % of WNF cases were imported to Russia from the distant countries. Analysis of the monitoring results indicated the circulation of WNF virus markers in carriers of the pathogen in 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the presence of IgG antibodies in healthy population cohorts in 24 RF entities. According to molecular-genetic typing of WNF virus samples from mosquito Culex modestus from the Volgograd Region, WNF virus genotype II was established. Forecasting of epidemiological situation development for the year 2018 does not rule out the possibility of local increase in WNF incidence in certain regions of Russia