7 research outputs found
Influenza virus infection and postviral bacterial pneumonia pathogenesis induced by different subtypes of influenza virus in mice
Secondary bacterial infections after influenza virus infection further increase morbidity and mortality due to influenza. Despite of seasonal influenza vaccination, antiviral drugs and antibiotics are widely used in viral/bacterial pneumonia therapy. Therefore, further comprehensive study of the infection pathogenesis is relevant. Murine models for influenza virus infection were reproduced with different virus subtypes A/California/04/2009MA (pandemic H1N1 2009), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/69 (H3N2), Anadyr/177/2009 (H1N1) and for post-influenza bacterial pneumonia caused by the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. After the infection occurs, its pathogenic features were detected by daily monitoring the mortality (survival) and morbidity rate (body weight loss) and, in addition, viral pathogenesis also was evaluated by assessing virus replication (viral titer) and humoral immune responses (production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in respiratory tract of infected mice including during antiviral (oseltamivir) and antibacterial (cefuroxime) therapy. Mortality and virus titer in the infected mice did not differ significantly between the groups of different influenza A virus subtypes. However, production of cytokines (IL-10, IFNg, TNFa) and weight gain proved to be different. Mortality of the mice reached 100% after secondary bacterial infection, whereas IFNg and TNFa levels in mice lung increased reached maximal values in the treated groups. Viral subtype A/California/04/2009MA of influenza A was most pathogenic in mouse model of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Antiviral and antibacterial treatment caused a decrease in mortality, reduced viral titers in lungs, and retain body weight gain of mice. According to these points, the treatment groups did not significantly differ from each other. At the same time, it should be noted that the cytokine production significantly decreased in the treated groups, and IL-10 and IFNg levels in lungs were different, that may be due to therapeutic mechanisms of these drugs. Thus, antiviral therapy for influenza infection and combination therapy for viralbacterial pneumonia can be an effective tool to reduce mortality of influenza
EFFECT AUTOMOBILE WHEEL RIM ROLLING DISK OF SILICONE ON ITS STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ7 ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ².The microstructure and mechanical properties of cast wheel discs from silumin brand AK7 after rolling the rim. As a result, deformation and subsequent heat treatment achieved improvement in the mechanical properties
Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere
Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)
ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠ΅-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 2016 Π³. Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A(H1N1)pdm09
The World Health Organization (WHO) searches influenza virus circulation in community and in natural biocenosis, studies virus strains and their properties, develops diagnostic methods and preventive measures since 1940th worldwide because of epidemic actuality and high pandemic potential of the influenza virus. The Federal Influenza Center (including Federal Research Institute of Influenza, Saint-Petersburg, and the Center of Virus Ecology, D.I.Ivanovskiy Virology Institute, Honorary Academician N.F.GamaleyaFederal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow) performs similar work in Russia in close cooperation with WHO within the framework of the International Programme of Influenza Monitoring. A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus dominated in the Northern Hemisphere in the 2015 β 2016 epidemic season. Morbidity growth was noted from the end of January, 2016, to the beginning of March, 2016. The peak morbidity at the 5th week of the year exceeded the epidemic threshold (132 cases per 10,000 of population) and morbidity in the 2014 β 2015 season significantly and approached to the peak morbidity of the 2009 β 2010 epidemic season. The epidemic growth in Russian Federation was provided by three influenza viruses: A(H1N1)pdm09, Π and A (H3N2). A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused 18% of all acute respiratory diseases and accounted for 84% of circulating influenza viruses.Flu was diagnosed in patients of different age with maximal frequency in 3- to 6-year old children. Peak admission number was registered at 5 and 6 weeks (3,538 and 4,109 cases, respectively); this number exceeded the similar parameter of the 2009 β 2010 season. Patients of 15 to 64 years old were admitted more often including those with acute respiratory infection. Two hundred and thirty nine deaths were registered to the 5th of April, 2016, according to data from the Federal Influenza Center and the Center of Virus Ecology. The diagnosis of A(H1N1)pdm09 flu was confirmed in 97.9% of deaths. Molecular analysis of isolated strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus revealed amino acid substitutions in receptor binding site and SA site of hemagglutinin and in genes coding intrinsic proteins PA, NP, M1, and NS1. Influenza virus strains resistive to anti-neuraminidase drugs were encountered in #< 1% in the Northern Hemisphere countries. No strains studied were sensitive to adamantine derivates.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π‘ 1947 Π³. Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ (Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System β GISRS), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° 6 ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΡ, 143 Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΡ Π² 113 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½. Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ β Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΡ (Π€Π¦Π) Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ°Β» ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³) ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° (Π¦ΠΠΠ) ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π.ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π.Π€.ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΒ» ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°). ΠΠ±Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π² 59 Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ ΠΠ) Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 2015β2016 Π³Π³. Π² ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A(H1N1)pdm09. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2016 Π³. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ (5-Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ 2016 Π³.), Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ (132 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° 10 ΡΡΡ. Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° 2014β2015 Π³Π³., ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° 2009β2010 Π³Π³. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π Π€ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3 Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° β A(H1N1)pdm09, Π ΠΈ A(H3N2) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΏΠΏ A(H1N1)pdm09 Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 18,0 %, Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° β 84,0 %. ΠΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. Πα½ΉΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ 3β6 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° 5-ΠΉ ΠΈ 6-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
2016 Π³. β 3Β 538 ΠΈ 4Β 109 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° 2009β2010 Π³Π³. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ. Ρ. Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 15β64 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π€Π¦Π ΠΈ Π¦ΠΠΠ, Π½Π° 05.04.16 Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 239 Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π 97,9 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏ A(H1N1)pdm09. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A / H1N1pdm09 ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π΅ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Sa ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ
) ΠΈ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ (PA, NP, M1, NS1). ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° 1 %, Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
SARS-CoV-2 Establishes a Productive Infection in Hepatoma and Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines
Severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 and rapidly caused a pandemic that led to the death of >6 million people due to hypercoagulation and cytokine storm. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 triggers a wide array of pathologies, including liver dysfunction and neurological disorders. It remains unclear if these events are due to direct infection of the respective tissues or result from systemic inflammation. Here, we explored the possible infection of hepatic and CNS cell lines by SARS-CoV-2. We show that even moderate expression levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are sufficient for productive infection. SARS-CoV-2 infects hepatoma Huh7.5 and HepG2 cells but not non-transformed liver progenitor or hepatocyte/cholangiocyte-like HepaRG cells. However, exposure to the virus causes partial dedifferentiation of HepaRG cells. SARS-CoV-2 can also establish efficient replication in some low-passage, high-grade glioblastoma cell lines. In contrast, embryonal primary astrocytes or neuroblastoma cells did not support replication of the virus. Glioblastoma cell permissiveness is associated with defects in interferon production. Overall, these results suggest that liver dysfunction during COVID-19 is not due to infection of these tissues by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, tumors may potentially serve as reservoirs for the virus during infection
Cultivation of Cells in a Physiological Plasmax Medium Increases Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Reduces Replication Levels of RNA Viruses
Changes in metabolic pathways are often associated with the development of various pathologies including cancer, inflammatory diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Identification of the particular metabolic events that are dysregulated may yield strategies for pharmacologic intervention. However, such studies are hampered by the use of classic cell media that do not reflect the metabolite composition that exists in blood plasma and which cause non-physiological adaptations in cultured cells. In recent years two groups presented media that aim to reflect the composition of human plasma, namely human plasma-like medium (HPLM) and Plasmax. Here we describe that, in four different mammalian cell lines, Plasmax enhances mitochondrial respiration. This is associated with the formation of vast mitochondrial networks and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, cells cultivated in Plasmax displayed significantly less lysosomes than when any standard media were used. Finally, cells cultivated in Plasmax support replication of various RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) influenza A virus (IAV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and several others, albeit at lower levels and with delayed kinetics. In conclusion, studies of metabolism in the context of viral infections, especially those concerning mitochondria, lysosomes, or redox systems, should be performed in Plasmax medium