Simply Fuzzy generalized open and closed sets

In this paper, we introduced new concepts , Simply open set, Simply fuzzy open set, Simply fuzzy continuous, Simply fuzzy open function( resp. fuzzy –closed ), simply fuzzy open cover and simply fuzzy compact. We study some of their properties

Optička svojstva soli polianilina i baze polianilina punjenog s KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 i pikričnom kiselinom

Polyaniline was prepared by chemical methods. The composites were prepared by the hot pressing of polyaniline base with different percentages of KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 and picric acid. The diffused reflectance of polyaniline doped with 10, 15, 25 and 50 wt% of KBr, picric acid and cobalt acetate, was measured at room temperature in the wavelength range from 500 to 1800 nm. The energy gaps of the samples were then deduced as well as the position and number of the indirect transitions which were found to be dependent on the concentration percentage of the doping materials. The energy gaps of all samples decrease by increasing the concentration percentage of the doping materials.Polianilin smo pripremili kemijskim postupkom. Mješavine smo postigli vrućim tiskanjem polianilina s raznim postocima KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 i pikrične kiseline. Mjerili smo difuznu reflektanciju polianilina s 10, 15, 25 and 50 tež% KBr, pikrične kiseline i kobaltnog acetata na sobnoj temperaturi za valne duljine 500 do 1800 nm. Odredili smo energijske procjepe te položaje i broj posrednih prijelaza. Ustanovili smo za sve uzorke pad energijskih procjepa pri povećanju koncentracije dodataka

Optička svojstva soli polianilina i baze polianilina punjenog s KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 i pikričnom kiselinom

Polyaniline was prepared by chemical methods. The composites were prepared by the hot pressing of polyaniline base with different percentages of KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 and picric acid. The diffused reflectance of polyaniline doped with 10, 15, 25 and 50 wt% of KBr, picric acid and cobalt acetate, was measured at room temperature in the wavelength range from 500 to 1800 nm. The energy gaps of the samples were then deduced as well as the position and number of the indirect transitions which were found to be dependent on the concentration percentage of the doping materials. The energy gaps of all samples decrease by increasing the concentration percentage of the doping materials.Polianilin smo pripremili kemijskim postupkom. Mješavine smo postigli vrućim tiskanjem polianilina s raznim postocima KBr, Co(CH3COO)2 i pikrične kiseline. Mjerili smo difuznu reflektanciju polianilina s 10, 15, 25 and 50 tež% KBr, pikrične kiseline i kobaltnog acetata na sobnoj temperaturi za valne duljine 500 do 1800 nm. Odredili smo energijske procjepe te položaje i broj posrednih prijelaza. Ustanovili smo za sve uzorke pad energijskih procjepa pri povećanju koncentracije dodataka

Treatment results and prognostic factors of pediatric neuroblastoma: a retrospective study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate treatment results and prognostic factors of pediatric neuroblastoma patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This retrospective study was carried out analyzing the medical records of patients with the pathological diagnosis of neuroblastoma seen at South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University during the period from January 2001 and January 2010. After induction chemotherapy, response according to international neuoblastoma response criteria was assessed. Radiotherapy to patients with residual primary tumor was applied. Overall and event free survival (OAS and EFS) rates were estimated using Graphed prism program. The Log-rank test was used to examine differences in OAS and EFS rates. Cox-regression multivariate analysis was done to determine the independent prognostic factors affecting survival rates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty three cases were analyzed. The median follow-up duration was 32 months and ranged from 2 to 84 months. The 3-year OAS and EFS rates were 39.4% and 29.3% respectively. Poor prognostic factors included age >1 year of age, N-MYC amplification, and high risk group. The majority of patients (68%) presented in high risk group, where treatment outcome was poor, as only 21% of patients survived for 3 year.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Multivariate analysis confirmed only the association between survival and risk group. However, in univariate analysis, local radiation therapy resulted in significant survival improvement. Therefore, radiotherapy should be given to patients with residual tumor evident after induction chemotherapy and surgery. Future attempts to improve OAS in high risk group patients with aggressive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation should be considered.</p

Fas-induced apoptosis in malnourished infants

Background: Malnutrition in children is frequently associated with an increased incidence of infection. Apoptosis of immune cells in undernourished organisms may cause an increase in the organism's susceptibility to diseases related to immune suppression. Lymphocyte apoptosis was described in malnutrition. The role of factor of apoptosis signal (fas,CD95) in apoptosis of lymphocyte populations in malnourished children is still unclear. Objective: This study investigated apoptosis in T lymphocytes in different types of malnutrition and the role of Fas in lymphocyte apoptosis and its relation to clinical and laboratory parameters of malnutrition. Study design: Sixty-three malnourished infants and children were compared to 27 healthy controls. Beside thorough history and clinical examination, laboratory investigations and flow cytometry assessment of T lymphocytes were done. The viability of T lymphocytes was determined by combination of fluorescence dye 7-amino actinomycin, CD95 and CD3. Results: There was significant increase in apoptotic T-cells in the patients compared to the controls. There was up-regulation of Fas expression in CD3+ cells. Furthermore CD3+/CD95+ cells were less viable than CD3+/CD95- cells of the patients and than CD3+/CD95+ cells of the controls. All the clinical and laboratory parameters of the studied patients showed no significant correlations with any of the apoptotic indices. Conclusion: Increased apoptosis in T lymphocytes in malnourished children may be the cause of the decrease in lymphocyte count in their peripheral blood. This in turn may be the cause of decreased cell mediated immunity and the more common occurrence of infection in such patients. Upregulation of Fas may be the cause of apoptosis in T lymphocytes in these malnourished children.Keywords: Fas, apoptosis, malnutrition, flow cytometry, infection, T lymphocytes.Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010;8(1):27-3

On the Consistency of the Solutions of the Space Fractional Schr\"odinger Equation

Recently it was pointed out that the solutions found in literature for the space fractional Schr\"odinger equation in a piecewise manner are wrong, except the case with the delta potential. We reanalyze this problem and show that an exact and a proper treatment of the relevant integral proves otherwise. We also discuss effective potential approach and present a free particle solution for the space and time fractional Schr\"odinger equation in general coordinates in terms of Fox's H-functions

ABO BLOOD GROUPS IN CORRELATION WITH HYPERLIPIDEMIA, DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II AND ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Objectives: There are associations between ABO blood groups and systemic diseases. So we aim to explore any associations among ABO blood groupwith hyperlipidemia; diabetes mellitus (DM) type II, and essential hypertension.Methods: A total of 800 subjects were recruited. Patients groups were subdivided into hyperlipidemia group (n=100), DM type II group (n=160),and hypertension group (n=166). Fasting blood sample was collected and plasma samples used for measuring of 2, 3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandinF1α (PGF1α), 11-dehydro-thromboxane (TX) B2, insulin, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (Tc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),prothrombin time (PT), activated partial PT (aPPT), blood group type, random blood glucose level, and body mass index (BMI) were also determined.Results: Blood Group A demonstrates a significant elevation in insulin, random blood sugar (RBS), Tc, TGs, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDLratio and shows a significant decrease in prostacyclin. Blood group B demonstrates a significant elevation in TXB, Tc, TGs, and LDL/HDL ratio andshows a significant decrease in PT. Blood group AB demonstrates a significant elevation in PT, and prostacyclin and shows a significant decrease ininsulin, RBS, Tc, TGs, and LDL/HDL. Blood group O demonstrates a significant elevation in PT, and prostacyclin and shows a significant decrease inTXB2, Tc, TGs, and LDL/HDL ratio.2Conclusions: Blood group AB is protective against hyperlipidemia, diabetes, thrombosis, and hypertension, blood group O is protective againstcardiovascular diseases while blood group B followed by A are risk factors for hypertension and blood group A is a risk factor for diabetes. Thesefindings are establishing the ethnic-dependent correlation of ABO groups and studied diseases.Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, DM type II, Hypertension, Thrombosis, ABO blood groups

Long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccination among Egyptian children

Background: Hepatitis B Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Objective: to detect the long-term immunogenicity of the vaccine in Egyptian children after five and ten years of vaccination. Methods: Two hundreds healthy children were recruited. They were divided into two groups according to their age. Group A included 100 child, around 6 years old, vaccinated 5 years ago. Group `B` included 100 child, around 11 years old, vaccinated 10 years ago. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titre was tested, booster dose of the vaccine was given to children whose HBsAb was &lt; 10 mIU/ml, then one and half month later, they were retested for HBsAb to evaluate the response. Results: Both groups had a wide range of HBsAb (2-1000 mlU/ml), and there was a significant difference in the level of the two groups. Our data proves the decline of antibody titre with time. In group A, 19 children needed a booster dose, 14 of them were vaccinated, and 10 were retested after one and half month. The results showed that 9 (90%) responded by increased level of HBsAb, with six (66.6%) showing an adequate response. In group B, 52 children had antibody titre &lt; 10, 48 of them were vaccinated and 34 were retested one and half months later. Two out of the 34 did not respond and 32 (94.2%) responded by an increase in the antibody titre. Of those who responded, 19 had adequate response (HBsAb ≥ 100) and 13 had hypo-response (HBsAb = 10 -100). Eighty percent (80%) of boys versus 51.7% of girls responded adequately. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccine is an effective and successful way for preventing HBV infection. No need for booster dose at least for 5 years after vaccination .Keywords: HBV- HB vaccine- long term immunityEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;9(1):35-4