Modelling Stochastic and Deterministic Behaviours in Virus Infection Dynamics

Many human infections with viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV--1) are characterized by low numbers of founder viruses for which the random effects and discrete nature of populations have a strong effect on the dynamics, e.g., extinction versus spread. It remains to be established whether HIV transmission is a stochastic process on the whole. In this study, we consider the simplest (so-called, 'consensus') virus dynamics model and develop a computational methodology for building an equivalent stochastic model based on Markov Chain accounting for random interactions between the components. The model is used to study the evolution of the probability densities for the virus and target cell populations. It predicts the probability of infection spread as a function of the number of the transmitted viruses. A hybrid algorithm is suggested to compute efficiently the dynamics in state space domain characterized by a mix of small and large species densities

Revitalisasi Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Tiu Ngumbak Di Desa Gumantar Kabupaten Lombok Utara Melalui Branding Media

Gumantar village in North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara has several tourist attractions, including the Tiu Ngumbak waterfall and the Traditional Village. There is one obstacle related to exploring the potential and the lack of promotional media for the two tourism objects, so revitalization efforts are needed. Tourism can drive development in an area such as Gumantar, where most of the population works as farmers. This activity aimed to introduce the Tiu Ngumbak waterfall tourist destination through social media branding. Revitalization was carried out by involving the local community itself. The obstacle in revitalizing tourism in Gumantar Village has been the lack of infrastructure, such as road access, toilets, and rubbish bins. In addition, the limited knowledge of the community to manage tourist destinations and the lack of mastery of technology as a media promotion has made the Tiu Ngumbak waterfall less promoted. In this activity, electronic media has been used to promote Tiu Ngumbak waterfall village tourism.Desa Gumantar di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat memiliki beberapa obyek wisata diantaranya air terjun Tiu Ngumbak dan Desa Adat. Ada satu kendala yang ada terkait penggalian potensi dan kurangnya media promosi kedua obyek wisata tersebut sehingga diperlukan usaha revitalisasi. Pariwisata dapat merupakan energi pendorong Pembangunan di suatu daerah, seperti Gumantar yang Sebagian bedar penduduknya berprofesi sebagai petani. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan destinasi wisata air terjun Tiu Ngumbak melalui branding menggunakan video. Revitalisasi dilakukan dengan melibatkan Masyarakat lokal itu sendiri. Hambatan dalam revitalisasi pariwisata di Desa Gumantar adalah minimnya infrastruktur, seperti akses jalan, toilet dan tempat sampah. Selain itu keterbatasan pengetahuan Masyarakat untuk memberdayakan destinasi wisata dan minimnya penguasaan teknologi sebagai media promosi, membuat air terjun Tiu Ngumbak kurang dipromosikan. Pada kegiatan ini telah dilakukan pemanfaatan media elektronik untuk mempromosikan wisata desa air terjun Tiu Ngumbak

An integrated view of theiInfluence of temperature, pressure, and humidity on the stability of trimorphic cysteamine hydrochloride

Understanding the phase behavior of pharmaceuticals is important for dosage form development and regulatory requirements, in particular after the incident with ritonavir. In the present paper, a comprehensive study of the solid-state phase behavior of cysteamine hydrochloride used in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and recently granted orphan designation by the European Commission is presented employing (high-pressure) calorimetry, water vapor sorption, and X-ray diffraction as a function of temperature. A new crystal form (I2/a, form III) has been discovered, and its structure has been solved by X-ray powder diffraction, while two other crystalline forms are already known. The relative thermodynamic stabilities of the commercial form I and of the newly discovered form III have been established; they possess an overall enantiotropic phase relationship, with form I stable at room temperature and form III stable above 37 degrees C. Its melting temperature was found at 67.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Cysteamine hydrochloride is hygroscopic and immediately forms a concentrated saturated solution in water with a surprisingly high concentration of 47.5 mol % above a relative humidity of 35%. No hydrate has been observed. A temperature composition phase diagram is presented that has been obtained with the unary pressure temperature phase diagram, measurements, and calculations. For development, form I would be the best form to use in any solid dosage form, which should be thoroughly protected against humidity.Postprint (author's final draft

Regarding the Influence of High Frequency Combustion Instabilities on Operation of Solid Rocket Motors

High frequency combustion instabilities imply a major risk for the solid rocket motor's stable operation and they are directly linked to the response of the solid propellant to the pressure coupling. Our paper aims at defining a linearized onedimensional flow study model of the solid propellant rocket motors' disturbed functioning analysis. Experimental researches were done with an adequate setup, built and improved in our lab, functioning on the basis of the nozzle throat intermittent modulating technique developed by ONERA researchers, able to evaluate the propellant response by the interpretation of the pressure oscillations damping in terms of propellant response

Expression analysis of immune-regulatory molecules HLA-G, HLA-E and IDO in endometrial cancer

HLA-G has been widely implicated in advanced cancers through different pathways of immunosuppression allowing tumor escape. Contrarily, HLA-E has a controversial role in the tumor escape from the immune system. IDO catabolic enzyme is known to be up-regulated in many tumors types allowing their immune escape. Based on these considerations, we investigated the expression of HLA-G, HLA-E and IDO molecules in endometrial cancer (EC) and their association with prognostic clinicopathologic parameters. Their expression were checked in tumoral and adjacent endometrial tissues. Both HLA-G and IDO immunostaining were significantly increased in EC tissues compared to normal residual endometrial glands (Mann Whitney U-test, p = 0.0001 and p = 0,020 respectively). However, HLA-E was highly expressed in tumoral tissues as well as in normal residual endometrial glands (respectively, 100% and 81.8%). Increased HLA-G expression levels were observed in high histological grade (grade 3), and in the non-endometrioid type 2 EC. Unexpectedly, patients with IDO Low expression had significantly impaired overall survival compared to patients with IDO High (log-rank p = 0.021). Conversely, HLA-E low expression was associated to an improved overall survival EC (log-rank p = 0.004). We concluded that, HLA-G and IDO are highly expressed in EC compared to adjacent normal endometrial tissues, that might be interesting for the EC outcome