РОЛЬ АДЪЮВАНТНОЙ ВНУТРИПУЗЫРНОЙ ХИМИОТЕРАПИИ В КОМБИНИРОВАННОМ ОРГАНОСОХРАНЯЮЩЕМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕМЫШЕЧНО-ИНВАЗИВНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

Objective: to enhance the efficiency of combined treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer ((NMIBC) and to assess the results of its treatment using transurethral resection (TUR) as monotherapy and in combination with intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).Subjects and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 59 patients with NMIBC. Twenty-two patients underwent TUR in Group 1; TUR and single intravesical injection of drugs were performed in 19 patients in Group 2; 18 patients had TUR and long-term intravesical CT.Results and discussion. The recurrence rates were 59.1, 57.9, and 38.89 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Intravesical CT was found to appreciably affect the prevention of recurrence in the area of resection. The rate of this recurrence was 31.81, 26.32, and 5.56 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion. Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy CT is an effective method to prevent recurrent bladder cancer.Цель исследования – повысить эффективность комбинированного лечения больных немышечно-инвазивным (НМИ) раком моче-вого пузыря (РМП). Оценить результаты лечения НМИ РМП при применении трансуретральной резекции (ТУР) в качестве монотерапии и в комбинации с внутрипузырной адъювантной химиотерапией (ХТ).Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ результатов лечения 59 пациентов с НМИ РМП. В 1-й группе (n = 22) больным была выполнена ТУР, во 2-й (n = 19) – ТУР и однократное внутрипузырное введение химиопрепарата, в 3-й (n = 18) выполнены ТУР и длительное применение внутрипузырной ХТ.Результаты и обсуждение. Частота рецидивов в 1-й группе составила 59,1 %, во 2-й – 57,9 %, в 3-й – 38,89 %. Установлено, что внутрипузырная ХТ в большей степени оказывает влияние на профилактику рецидива в зоне резекции. Частота данного рецидива в 1-й группе составила 31,81 %, во 2-й – 26,32 % и в 3-й – 5,56 %.Выводы. Адъювантная внутрипузырная ХТ является эффективным методом профилактики рецидивов РМП.

Diagnostic algorithm of recurrence after organ-preserving surgical treatment of bladder cancer

High frequency of recurrence is the main problem of organ-preserving tactics in the treatment of bladder cancer. The article presents the results of sensitivity and specificity analysis of urine cytology, BTA-stat test, ultrasound (transabdominal, transrectal, transurethral) and instrumental methods (cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnostics, microcystoscopy) in the diagnosis of recurrence after organ-saving surgical treatment in patients who underwent organ-saving surgery about bladder cancer at the urological clinic of Kazan State Medical University. An algorithm based on the obtained data has been developed for the diagnosis of recurrent bladder cancerОсновной проблемой органосохраняющей тактики в лечении рака мочевого пузыря является высокая частота рецидивов. В статье представлены результаты анализа чувствительности и специфичности цитологии мочи, ВТА-stat теста, ультразвуковых (трансабдоминальное, трансректальное, трансуретральное) и инструментальных методов (цистоскопия, фотодинамическая диагностика, микроцистоскопия) в диагностике рецидивов после органосохраняющего хирургического лечения у пациентов, которым была выполнена органосохраняющая операция по поводу рака мочевого пузыря урологической клинике Казанского государственного медицинского университета. На основании полученных данных, разработан алгоритм диагностики рецидивов рака мочевого пузыря

Prevalence and associated factors of anemia in a Russian population: the Ural eye and medical study

Background: Although anemia is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease, information about its prevalence in Russia is mostly missing. We therefore assessed its prevalence and associated factors in a Russian population. Methods: The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age:59.0 ± 10.7 years;range:40–94 years) who underwent a standardized interview and detailed general examination. The definition of anemia was based on the hemoglobin concentration (definition #1:hemoglobin concentration < 140 g/L in men,< 130 g/L in women; definition #2:hemoglobin concentration < 130 g/L in men,< 120 g/L in women [World Health Organization definition]). Results: Higher hemoglobin concentration (mean:142.6 ± 14.8 g/L; range:80-171 g/L) was associated (multivariable analysis) with male gender (P < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient beta:-0.20), higher waist-hip circumference ratio (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher prevalence of car ownership (P < 0.001;beta:0.05), higher blood concentrations of bilirubin (P < 0.001;beta:0.05) and triglycerides (P < 0.001;beta:0.06), lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;beta:-0.32), and shorter blood clotting time (P < 0.001;beta:-0.39). Using definition #1 and #2, anemia was detected in 1385 individuals (23.6%;95% confidence interval CI)CI:22.5,24.7) and in 453 individuals (7.7%;95%CI:7.0,8.4), respectively. Prevalence of moderate anemia (hemoglobin concenttration:110 g/L-80 g/L), detected in 165 individuals (2.8%;95%CI:2.4,3.2), increased with younger age (P = 0.008;odds ratio (OR):0.98;95%CI:0.96,0.99), female gender (P < 0.001;OR:2.52;95%CI:1.47,4.33), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001;OR:1.08;95%CI:1.06,1.09), longer blood clotting time (P < 0.001;OR:8.56;95%CI:5.68,12.9), and marginally significantly, with a lower waist-hip circumference ratio (P = 0.058;OR:0.13;95%CI:0.02,1.07). In women, it was significantly (P < 0.001) higher before menopause (8.8%;95%CI:6.4,11.1) than after menopause (3.5%;95%CI:2.8,4.3). Conclusions: In this Russian population as compared to populations from countries with a similar socio-demographic index, anemia prevalence was relatively low. As in other populations, higher anemia prevalence was strongly and inversely associated with menopause, and to a minor degree, with lower waist-hip circumference ratio and lower socio-economic background

Generalized current-voltage characteristics of electric discharge liquid cathode

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The experimental and calculated current-voltage characteristics of the electric discharge between the metal anode and liquid cathode was got. As the liquid electrode process water, copper sulfate solution and various concentrations of sodium chloride were used, a solid cylindrical electrode rods were made of copper, iron and steel of different diameters. The influence of pressure, distance between electrodes, the anode material, electrolyte composition of the cathode on the current-voltage characteristics of the discharge was researched. The current-voltage characteristics are falling, increasing the distance between electrodes raises these curves along the voltage axis. The methods of simulation based on the similarity theory and the dimension formula is obtained for calculating the generalized current-voltage characteristics, taking into account, inter alia, the effect of pressure and electrode spacing

Generalized current-voltage characteristics of electric discharge liquid cathode

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The experimental and calculated current-voltage characteristics of the electric discharge between the metal anode and liquid cathode was got. As the liquid electrode process water, copper sulfate solution and various concentrations of sodium chloride were used, a solid cylindrical electrode rods were made of copper, iron and steel of different diameters. The influence of pressure, distance between electrodes, the anode material, electrolyte composition of the cathode on the current-voltage characteristics of the discharge was researched. The current-voltage characteristics are falling, increasing the distance between electrodes raises these curves along the voltage axis. The methods of simulation based on the similarity theory and the dimension formula is obtained for calculating the generalized current-voltage characteristics, taking into account, inter alia, the effect of pressure and electrode spacing

ROLE OF ADJUVANT INTRAVESICAL CHEMOTHERAPY IN THE COMBINED ORGAN-SPARING TREATMENT OF NON-MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> to enhance the efficiency of combined treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer ((NMIBC) and to assess the results of its treatment using transurethral resection (TUR) as monotherapy and in combination with intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods</strong>. The results of treatment were analyzed in 59 patients with NMIBC. Twenty-two patients underwent TUR in Group 1; TUR and single intravesical injection of drugs were performed in 19 patients in Group 2; 18 patients had TUR and long-term intravesical CT.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. The recurrence rates were 59.1, 57.9, and 38.89 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Intravesical CT was found to appreciably affect the prevention of recurrence in the area of resection. The rate of this recurrence was 31.81, 26.32, and 5.56 % in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.</p><p> <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy CT is an effective method to prevent recurrent bladder cancer.</p