THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL METHODS OF VEGETABLES PROCESSING ON THE QUALITY OF FROZEN PRODUCTS

The indicators of quality and microbiological safety of frozen vegetable semi-finished products (for example, cut beet) processed in a microwave field for subsequent storage for 18 months at a temperature of minus 20±2 °C. Treatment with a microwave field was carried out under the following conditions: power 600 W and duration 5 min (180 kJ); power 1000 W and duration 4 min (240 kJ). It is established that treatment in the microwave field contributes to the preservation of consumer qualities of the product (total solids content, mass fraction of soluble solids, bound moisture content, microbiological effect) in the process of long-term low-temperature storage.The indicators of quality and microbiological safety of frozen vegetable semi-finished products (for example, cut beet) processed in a microwave field for subsequent storage for 18 months at a temperature of minus 20±2 °C. Treatment with a microwave field was carried out under the following conditions: power 600 W and duration 5 min (180 kJ); power 1000 W and duration 4 min (240 kJ). It is established that treatment in the microwave field contributes to the preservation of consumer qualities of the product (total solids content, mass fraction of soluble solids, bound moisture content, microbiological effect) in the process of long-term low-temperature storage

El moderno sistema de tributación de los bienes inmuebles

Taxation has long been an integral part of the functioning of the state, and if earlier the so-called “taxes” were used exclusively for the ruling elite and the bureaucratic apparatus, today taxes, forming the state budget revenue item, are subsequently redistributed to support programs various spheres of society, be it medicine, education, science, etc. The article is devoted to the study of the modern system of taxation of real estate, in particular, the specific features of real estate as objects of taxation, the main types of property taxes, regulatory legal acts in the field of taxation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the tax structure of the Russian Federation.Los impuestos han sido durante mucho tiempo una parte integral del funcionamiento del estado, y si antes los llamados «impuestos» se usaban exclusivamente para la élite gobernante y el aparato burocrático, hoy los impuestos, que forman la partida de ingresos del presupuesto estatal, se redistribuyen posteriormente a programas de apoyo en diversas esferas de la sociedad, ya sea medicina, educación, ciencia, etc. El artículo está dedicado al estudio del sistema moderno de tributación de bienes inmuebles, en particular, las características específicas de los bienes inmuebles como objetos impositivos, los principales tipos de impuestos a la propiedad, actos legales regulatorios en el campo de los impuestos, así como las ventajas y desventajas de la estructura tributaria de la Federación de Rusia

The Categories of Chronotope and Tonality in a Literary Translation: Homothematic Aspect

Статья поступила в редакцию 30.12.2021 г.Статья посвящена разработке термина «омотемия», предложенного в статьях В. Н. Марова 2015–2020 гг., в лингвотекстовом аспекте. В философском смысле омотемия есть согласование в тексте разных эпистемических уровней; с позиций же лингвистики текста это возможность выражения одной категории средствами разных языковых уровней. На примере объемных структур-сеток «топос-темы» (темы-хронотопа) и «тропос-темы» (темы-тональности) в пьесе Т. Уильямса «Трамвай “Желание”» показана омотемия описания обстановки, выявлены основные специфические особенности русского перевода В. Неделина в сопоставлении с английским оригиналом.The article is focused on homothemy term development, suggested by V. N. Marov in his works of 2015–2020 referring to the linguotextual aspect. In the philosophical sense, homothemy is the agreement of different epistemic levels in the text; within text linguistics, it is the ability of one category to be expressed by means of different language levels. On the example of grid structures “topos-theme” (chronotope as a theme) and «tropos-themes» (tonality as a theme) in the play “A Streetcar Named Desire” by T. Williams, the homothemy of the surroundings description is shown, and the main specific features of the Russian translation by V. Nedelin are revealed as compared to the English original

Manifestation of systemic toxicity in rats after a short-time inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles

Outbred female rats were exposed to inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticle aerosol produced right then and there at a concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg/m3 during 5 days for 4 h a day in a nose-only setup. A control group of rats were sham-exposed in parallel under similar conditions. Even this short-time exposure of a relatively low level was associated with nanoparticles retention demonstrable by transmission electron microscopy in the lungs and the olfactory brain. Some impairments were found in the organism’s status in the exposed group, some of which might be considered lead-specific toxicological outcomes (in particular, increase in reticulocytes proportion, in δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) urine excretion, and the arterial hypertension’s development). © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This work was funded by the budget of the Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Математическая модель однопользовательской компьютерной игры, воспроизводящей дуэльный бой танков

In improving computer games, which reproduce a battle of tanks, two tasks can be distinguished: increasing a collection of game tools to represent virtual prototypes of real tank models and ensuring a realistic game. To solve these problems, a tool is necessary that allows us to compare gaming capabilities of virtual tank brands with combat capabilities of their real prototypes. A mathematical model of a computer game that reproduces a duel battle of tanks can be used as the tool. The specified model satisfies the following requirements: the sequence of operations reproduced in the model is in line with the sequence of operations implemented by the player in the course of the game; the maximum amount of ammunition that a tank can use in a model must correspond to the amount of tank ammunition. The duel lasts until one of the tanks is hit, or until all the gunshots available to hit the enemy are expended. It is necessary to find the probabilities of possible outcomes of a duel battle, the mathematical expectation of its duration, the mathematical expectation of the ammunition consumption of each side.The solution to the problem is obtained by constructing a mathematical model according to the scheme of Markov random process with discrete states and continuous time. It is implemented as a program for a model of a duel battle of tanks and can be used when developing a computer game of the genre of tank simulators to assess the gaming capabilities of the virtual tanks in a duel battle from the data on the amount of their ammunition and on the intensity of the game process transition from one state to another; for selecting the intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, based on the data on the estimated game capabilities of virtual tanks in a duel battle. Thus, game participants can use this model to conduct their own research. Developers of computer games can use it for setting up the game and setting such intensity values of the game process transition from one state to another, at which the gaming capabilities of virtual tanks will correspond to the combat capabilities of their real prototypes on the battlefield.В совершенствовании компьютерных игр, воспроизводящих бой танков, можно выделить две задачи: увеличение коллекции игровых средств, представляющих собой виртуальные прототипы реальных образцов танков; обеспечении реалистичности игры. Для решения этих задач необходим инструмент, позволяющий сопоставить игровые возможности виртуальных марок танков с боевыми возможностями их реальных прототипов, в качестве которого можно использовать математическую модель компьютерной игры, воспроизводящую дуэльный бой танков. Указанная модель удовлетворяет следующим требованиям: последовательность операций, воспроизводимых в модели, соответствует последовательности операций, реализуемых игроком в процессе игры; максимальное количество боеприпасов, которое может использоваться танком в модели, должно соответствовать размеру боекомплекта танка. Дуэль продолжается до тех пор, пока не будет поражён один из танков, или пока не будут израсходованы все имеющиеся для поражения противника пушечные выстрелы. Необходимо найти вероятности возможных исходов дуэльного боя, математическое ожидание его продолжительности, математическое ожидание расхода боеприпасов каждой из сторон.Решение задачи получено путём построения математической модели по схеме Марковского случайного процесса с дискретными состояниями и непрерывным временем. Реализовано в виде программы модели дуэльного боя танков и может быть использовано при разработке компьютерной игры жанра танковых симуляторов для оценки игровых возможностей виртуальных танков в дуэльном бою по данным о размерах их боекомплектов и интенсивностях перехода игрового процесса из одного состояния в другое; для подбора значений интенсивностей перехода игрового процесса из одного состояния в другое, исходя из данных о предполагаемых игровых возможностях виртуальных танков в дуэльном бою. Таким образом, данная модель может быть использована участниками игры для проведения собственных исследований; разработчиками компьютерных игр, для настройки игры, задания таких значений интенсивностей перехода игрового процесса из одного состояния в другие, при которых игровые возможности виртуальных танков, будут соответствовать боевым возможностям их реальных прототипов на поле боя

Isolation of two strains of West Nile virus during an outbreak in southern Russia, 1999.

From July to September 1999, a widespread outbreak of meningoencephalitis associated with West Nile virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) occurred in southern Russia, with hundreds of cases and dozens of deaths. Two strains of West Nile virus isolated from patient serum and brain-tissue samples reacted in hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralization tests with patients' convalescent-phase sera and immune ascites fluid from other strains of West Nile virus

Impact of toxicity effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats within acute and subacute experiments

Introduction. Occupational air is contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles in the copper smelting industry, especially in the smelting of brass and copper. A wide range of toxic effects with varied clinical symptomatology is observed in zinc and its compounds. Competitive relations with many other metals, including calcium, copper, and iron, are the foundation of most cases of zinc intoxication. Long-term administration of zinc or its compounds to laboratory rodents affects enzymes, carbohydrates and mineral metabolism. Materials and methods. Subchronic intoxication with repeated intraperitoneal injections and acute low respiratory tract reaction to a single intratracheal injection of zinc nanoparticles were simulated in outbred white rats. Water suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 30-80 nm diameter were applied in both experimental models. Upon completion of the exposure, the condition of the rats in all groups was evaluated in many generally accepted criteria for toxicity. The student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results. Moderate intoxication development in a subchronic experiment is demonstrated. Homogeneous ultrastructural changes in the spleen tissue were revealed. Mitochondrial damage with partial or complete loss of crista is the most common. The fragmentation ratio of DNA was found by a statistically significant increase. A single intratracheal injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles revealed the increase in the attraction of cells capable of their phagocytosis (mainly neutrophils) into the low respiratory tract. This shows their cytotoxicity. Conclusion. Moderate general toxic and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat body were identified. © 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved