Water supplies on wheatbelt farms : a general picture

In good rainfall years, farm dams provide water fo more than 50 per cent of the total stock in the wheatbelt. Other sources include ground water supplies and the piped Comprehensive Water Scheme. The March 1970 census included questions on farm water supplies including how farmers coped in the 1969-70 drought

Farm dams in the wheatbelt

Of the estimated 76 000 farm dams in the wheatbelt, about 8 per cent either leak or are salt affected. The remaining 70 000 dams are capable of holding water for livestock use and can be regarded as sercicable dams. A great many of the serviceable dams are unreliable water supplies due to the combined effects of lack of runoff from catchments, shallow depth of storage and small size of storage in relation to expected demand from livestock and evaporation loss

Cost of farm water supplies : conclusions from surveys

The Department of Agriculture, in conjunction with the Farm Water Supply Advisory Committee, has conducted farm wster supply surveys in many districts in the wheatbelt. The aim of the surveys was to collect data to assess the existing water supplies, the potential for further water supply developments and to compare the relative difficulty of water supply development in different localities

Improved catchments for farm dams

The amounts and frequency of runoff from unimproved farmland catchments in Western Australia\u27s cereal and sheep districts are notoriously variable and unreliable. As a result many farmers have constructed improved catchments to ensure better reliability of farm dams for livestock and homestead water supplies. Improved catchments which are used extensively on these farms are all of the compacted or bare-earth type. These include roaded catchments, flat batter dams and, to a lesser extent, scraped catchments. This article mainly discusses roaded catchments, the most common of the improved catchment types on farms

West Midlands development : water supplies in the West Midlands

IF it is practical and economic to develop both surface and underground supplies, the aim on each farm should be to provide half the farm water requirement from dams, and the other half from bores

Reducing evaporation from farm dams : a progress report December 1969

IN most seasons in the Western Australian Wheatbelt evaporation reduction techniques rate a low priority due to either the expense or the relative inefficiency of the techniques. It is generally agreed that a similar investment in deepening or enlarging existing dams, or making new dams larger from the outset, is likely to be more profitable

Rapid PCR assay for detecting common genetic variants arising in human pluripotent stem cell cultures

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are prone to acquiring genetic changes upon prolonged culture. Particularly common are copy number changes, including gains of chromosomes 1q, 12p, 17q, and 20q, and/or loss of chromosomes 10p and 18q. The variant cells harboring common genetic changes display altered behaviors compared to their diploid counterparts, thus potentially impacting upon the validity of experimental results and safety of hPSC-derived cellular therapies. Hence, a critical quality attribute in hPSC maintenance should include frequent monitoring for genetic changes arising in cultures. This in turn places large demands on the genotyping assays for detection of genetic changes. Traditional methods for screening cells entail specialized cytogenetic analyses, but their high costs and a lengthy turnaround time make them impractical for high-throughput analyses and routine laboratory use. Here, we detail a protocol for a rapid, accessible, and affordable PCR-based method for detection of frequently occurring copy number changes in hPSCs