ТЕОРЕТИЧНА КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ПОБУДОВИ МЕХАНІЗМУ МОНЕТАРНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ (THEORETICAL CONCEPT OF CONSTRUCTION A MECHANISM MONETARY REGULATION)

У статті запропонована теоретична концепція побудови механізму монетарного регулювання на основі теорії економічних механізмів. Узагальнено погляди на сутність механізму монетарного регулювання та визначено його складові. Обгрунтовано багаторівневий підхід до визначення сутності механізму монетарного регулювання. Систематизовано та розглянуто структуру інструментів механізму монетарного регулювання. Запропоновано інструменти монетарного регулювання розподілити на традиційні та нетрадиційні інструменти, або інструменти фінансових репресій. Також запропоновано всі інструменти монетарного регулювання згрупувати у три великі групи: інструменти забезпечення стабільності грошового обігу, інструменти забезпечення ліквідності, інструменти забезпечення обсягів кредитування. (In this article theoretical conception of construction of mechanism of the monetary regulation offers on the basis of theory of economic mechanisms. Looks are generalized to essence of mechanism of the monetary regulation and his constituents are certain. Reasonably multilevel going near determination of essence of mechanism of the monetary regulation. The structure of instruments of mechanism of the monetary regulation is systematized and considered. It offers to divide the instruments of the monetary regulation into traditional and unconventional instruments or instruments of financial repressions. Also it offers to group all instruments of the monetary regulation in three large groups: instruments of providing of stability of money circulation, instruments of providing of liquidity, instruments of providing of volumes of crediting.

Using an OPEN UMS format for document flow formalization in medicine

The question about construction of medical documents by means of AURRORA MIS with the use of the Open UMS format is considered in the work. The approach suggested allows data storage in the electronic form suitable for generation of required statistical reports and different researches and preserves a possibility of correct data interpretation

Phytoplankton of the delta of the Mekong River during the dry season

Human activity has disturbed the functioning of river ecosystems all around the globe. The current global climatic fluctuations and local anthropogenic impact lead to rearrangement in the structure and functioning of aquatic communities. One of the most important components of aquatic ecosystems is phytoplankton as the main primary producer of the organic matter, the basis for trophic relations and indicator of changes in the environment. This article presents the first results of a study concerning the peculiarities of quantitative distribution of biomass and species composition of phytoplankton in the delta of the Mekong River at the beginning of the dry season (December of 2018). Diatoms dominated according to biomass practically in all the stations of selection of samples. The total biomass of phytoplankton on average accounted for 0.049 ± 0.007 mg/L at the abundance of 40 ± 7 103 ind./L. In practically all the studied plots, according to biomass, the dominating diatoms were first of all Aulacoseira granulata, A. islandica, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclotella spp., and Oxyneis binalis. Among Chlorophyta, most often we found Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda, but their biomass was insignificant. We determined statistically significant correlation relationships between biomass of phytoplankton and hydrological parameters. Based on the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, we determined negative relations between the total biomass of phytoplankton with salinity and pH. Positive correlation was seen between the biomass of diatoms and turbidity, and also between the temperature and the biomass of chlorophytes and Dinophyta. The biomass of golden algae (Chrysophyceae) and Dinophyta positively correlated with the mineralization. Quantitative regression analysis confirmed the close relationship between the total biomass of phytoplankton, hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters. Besides the importance of scientific data on biological diversity and ecology of plankton algae, the results we obtained are necessary for organizing biological monitoring in the delta of the Mekong River in the future

Structure of the glial cells in the nervous system of parasitic and free-living flatworms

This study is devoted to ultrastructural and immunosytochemical investigation of the nervous system in parasitic and free-living platyhelminthes to learn if glial cells exist in the nervous system of flatworms. We described the ultrastructure of different types of glial cells and the peculiarities of myelinization of gigantic axons; immunoreactivity to the S100b protein is revealed. Comparative analysis of the glia structure of annelids and platods is given; structural, functional, and evolutionary aspects of myelinization of gigantic axons, which are revealed in cestodes, are discussed. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Features of Spiritual and Moral Education of Students of Educational Organizations of Secondary Vocational Education

В статье рассматриваются особенности духовно-нравственного воспитания студентов образовательных организаций среднего профессионального образования и основные проблемы и пути их решения.The article discusses the features of spiritual and moral education of students of educational institutions of secondary vocational education and the main problems and ways to solve them

FOXP3, IL2R, CD8A and RORγ gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy people and patients with arterial hypertension

Impaired balance of T regulatory and T effector lymphocytes has recently been considered as an important pathogenetic link in arterial hypertension (AH). There are, however, contradictory literature data about contents of these cells in the patients with hypertension, or obtained in experimental animal models of induced hypertension. Most results about changed patterns of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases were obtained by means of flow cytometry. There are also some works on expression of genes encoding surface and cytoplasmic differentiation antigens of immune cells in the patients with cardiovascular pathologies. These results coincide with the data obtained with flow cytometric techniques. Purpose of the present study was to analyze of the levels of gene transcripts encoding differentiation markers of regulatory (FOXP3, IL2R) T cells, effector T subpopulations (T helpers 17 (RORγ), and CD8 lymphocytes (CD8A) in healthy subjects and the patients with arterial hypertension (stages I-II). We examined healthy individuals (40 people, 20 men and 20 women), 27 patients with hypertension who did not receive antihypertensive therapy (14 men and 13 women), 26 hypertensive patients taking β-adrenergic receptor blockers (metoprolol or bisoprolol), including 12 men and 14 women. The relative levels of transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. It was shown that the transcriptional activity of FOXP3, IL2R, RORγ, and CD8A genes in peripheral blood leukocytes of the diseased people was significantly higher than in healthy individuals (p < 0.01). This finding may indicate an increased number of circulating T regulatory lymphocytes, CD8+ cells and T helpers 17 in hypertensive patients, and activation of T cell immunity in these patients. There were no statistically significant gender differences in FOXP3, IL2R, RORγ and CD8A gene expression in leukocytes, both in the group of healthy people and in hypertensive patients. The patients receiving cardioselective β-adrenergic receptor blockers (metoprolol and bisoprolol) exhibited lower expression of these genes, thus, probably, indicating antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these drugs

The relationship of the carriership of allelic variations in rs2228145 (A > C) of the<i>IL6R</i> gene with the levels of <i>VCAM1</i> and <i>ICAM1</i> gene transcripts in patients with essential hypertension

The levels of plasma interleukin 6 and its soluble receptors were found to be elevated in subjects with cardiovascular diseases, which points to amplification of the IL-6-mediated trans-signaling pathway in cells and the development of chronic inflammation. The allelic variation in the rs2228145 IL6R gene is associated with a change in the contents of the soluble and membrane-bound receptor forms mediating the biological activity of IL-6. Cytokine IL-6 is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction by regulating the expression of the VCAM1 and ICAM1 genes, encoding intercellular adhesion molecules. Prior to this work, no data on the association of essential arterial hypertension (EAH) with rs2228145 allelic variations of the IL6R gene have been reported. The aim of our work was to study the relationship of the carriership of rs2228145 (A &gt; C) allelic variations with the development of EAH and the VCAM1 and ICAM1 transcript levels. We analyzed samples of DNA isolated from the whole blood of 148 healthy donors and 152 patients with EAH (stages I-II). The genotyp-ing was performed by PCR-RFLP. The level of transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was assessed by real-time PCR. Differences in the frequency distributions of rs2228145 (A &gt; C) genotypes between the control group and the group of patients with EAH (χ2 = 9.303) were found. The frequency of the CC genotype in EAH patients was higher than in healthy people (0.191 and 0.095, respectively). The risk of EAH (I-II stages) development was shown to be 2.3 times higher in CC genotype carriers as compared to individuals with other genotypes (OR = 2.257, 95 % confidence interval 1.100-4.468). The levels of VCAM1 and ICAM1 gene transcripts in PBL of patients with EAH were significantly higher than in healthy people. The level of ICAM1 gene transcripts was almost 4 times higher in patients with CC genotype. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance revealed an effect of rs2228145 (A &gt; C) genotype on the transcriptional activity of ICAM1, which argues for its role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and essential hypertension

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: state-of-the-art

The aim of review. To analyse modern concepts on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, to determine its place in the pattern of total morbidity.Key points. Wide antibiotic application in all sections of medicine along with beneficial action has series of essential side effects, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Its extreme and most severe manifestation is pseudomembranous colitis, caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strains. This etiological agent in modern world has got significant association with hospitals and assisted-care facilities, therefore it can spread in out-patient conditions as well at the present time. Mutations resulting in antibiotic resistance, increasing toxin production or promoting sporulation, considerably increase virulence and prevalence of these opportunistic microorganisms.Conclusion. The further studies on development of effective prophylactic and treatment methods of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are required, especially for most severe complication — pseudomembranous colitis. It is necessary to limit application of antibiotics, develop strict indications to their application

Influence of physical loads of different orientation on indicators of physical working capacity and level of the maximum oxygen consumption at the qualified athletes depending on the period of training process

Objective: to assess the impact of physical activity of different orientation and intensity on the physical performance and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) in qualified athletes, depending on the period of the training process. Materials and methods: 136 male athletes were examined, 116 of them were qualified athletes (age 22.1±4.1 years). I group – wrestling (n=30), II – cross-country skiing, biathlon (n=27), III – powerlifting (n=33), IV – volleyball (n=26). V – control (n=20), sports training less than 3 years. Bicycle ergometry (VEM) with the assessment of physical performance on the PWC170 test in the preparatory and competitive periods of training was conducted. STATISTICA 10.0 program was used for statistical processing. Data were presented as: median (Me), lower and upper quartiles (25% and 75%). Results: the highest rates of PWC170 – 1508.0 KGM/min and IPC – 65.37 ml/min/kg in the preparatory period and, respectively, PWC170 – 1560.0 KGM/min and IPC – 68.00 ml/min/kg in the competitive period were achieved by athletes in group II. Athletes in group III had the lowest rates of PWC170 – 1100.0 KGM/min and IPC – 40.60 ml/min/kg in both the preparatory and competitive periods – 1120.0 KGM/min and 42.04 ml/min/kg. Conclusions: high level of physical performance and MOC indicated the effectiveness of the cardiovascular system in athletes of highly dynamic sports, training for endurance (crosscountry skiing, biathlon). In powerlifters with high intensity of static loads, physical performance and MOC remained at a low level. The results can be used to make timely adjustments to the training and competitive process of athletes