The infrastructure of public catering in the context of tourist city space development

To assess the impact of environmental factors on the activities of catering enterprises of the Belgorod region and the quality of customer service, the authors proposed a method using STEP-analysis and SWOT-analysis. The analysis of environmental factors was carried out on the basis of the expert evaluation results conducted in two stage

Transformation of museum product

Today, each museum needs to develop an active strategy of market development, which is preceded by a comprehensive analysis of potential consumers of the museum product, on the basis of which the directions of development will be proposed. The conducted research allowed us to reveal a number of problems which are connected with necessity of transformation of the museum product providing satisfaction of visitor’s requirements and, at the same time, increase in the income of the museu

Hunting for origins of migraine pain: cluster analysis of spontaneous and capsaicin-induced firing in meningeal trigeminal nerve fibers

International audienceTrigeminal nerves in meninges are implicated in generation of nociceptive firing underlying migraine pain. However, the neurochemical mechanisms of nociceptive firing in meningeal trigeminal nerves are little understood. In this study, using suction electrode recordings from peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve in isolated rat meninges, we analyzed spontaneous and capsaicin-induced orthodromic spiking activity. In control, biphasic single spikes with variable amplitude and shapes were observed. Application of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist capsaicin to meninges dramatically increased firing whereas the amplitudes and shapes of spikes remained essentially unchanged. This effect was antagonized by the specific TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Using the clustering approach, several groups of uniform spikes (clusters) were identified. The clustering approach combined with capsaicin application allowed us to detect and to distinguish "responder" (65%) from "non responder" clusters (35%). Notably, responders fired spikes at frequencies exceeding 10 Hz, high enough to provide postsynaptic temporal summation of excitation at brainstem and spinal cord level. Almost all spikes were suppressed by tetrodotoxin (TTX) suggesting an involvement of the I I X-sensitive sodium channels in nociceptive signaling at the peripheral branches of trigeminal neurons. Our analysis also identified transient (desensitizing) and long-lasting (slowly desensitizing) responses to the continuous application of capsaicin. Thus, the persistent activation of nociceptors in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers shown here may be involved in trigeminal pain signaling and plasticity along with the release of migraine-related neuropeptides from TRPV1 positive neurons. Furthermore, cluster analysis could be widely used to characterize the temporal and neurochemical profiles of other pain transducers likely implicated in migraine

Influence of CSP 310 and CSP 310-like proteins from cereals on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND: The development of chilling and freezing injury symptoms in plants is known to frequently coincide with peroxidation of free fatty acids. Mitochondria are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species during cold stress. Recently it has been suggested that uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria during oxidative stress can decrease ROS formation by mitochondrial respiratory chain generation. At the same time, it is known that plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) and other UCP-like proteins are not the only uncoupling system in plant mitochondria. All plants have cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX) whose activation causes an uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently it has been found that in cereals, cold stress protein CSP 310 exists, and that this causes uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria. RESULTS: We studied the effects of CSP 310-like native cytoplasmic proteins from a number of cereal species (winter rye, winter wheat, Elymus and maize) on the energetic activity of winter wheat mitochondria. This showed that only CSP 310 (cold shock protein with molecular weight 310 kD) caused a significant increase of non-phosphorylative respiration. CSP 310-like proteins of other cereals studied did not have any significant influence on mitochondrial energetic activity. It was found that among CSP 310-like proteins only CSP 310 had prooxidant activity. At the same time, Elymus CSP 310-like proteins have antioxidant activity. The study of an influence of infiltration by different plant uncoupling system activators (pyruvate, which activates AOX, and linoleic acid which is a substrate and activator for PUMP and CSP 310) showed that all of these decreased lipid peroxidation during cold stress. CONCLUSIONS: Different influence of CSP 310-like proteins on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation presumably depend on the various subunit combinations in their composition. All the plant cell systems that caused an uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in plant mitochondria can participate in plant defence from oxidative damage during cold stress

Molecular epidemiology of serogroup a meningitis in Moscow, 1969 to 1997.

Molecular analysis of 103 serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Moscow from 1969 to 1997 showed that four independent clonal groupings were responsible for successive waves of meningococcal disease. An epidemic from 1969 to the mid-1970s was caused by genocloud 2 of subgroup III, possibly imported from China. Subsequent endemic disease through the early 1990s was caused by subgroup X and then by subgroup VI, which has also caused endemic disease elsewhere in eastern Europe. A 1996 epidemic was part of the pandemic spread from Asia of genocloud 8 of subgroup III. Recent genocloud 8 epidemic disease in Moscow may represent an early warning for spread of these bacteria to other countries in Europe

Papillomatosis of the largent in children's age. Use of argon plasma in surgical treatment

The purpose of the study. Case history review of a patient with a benign laryngeal mass with the use of modern surgical treatment techniques.Цель исследования. Разбор истории болезни больного с доброкачественным образованием гортани с применением современной методики хирургического лечения

Eidetics of Law-Making Acts: Parts, Wholes and Degrees of Existence

In my paper I introduce the phenomenological concept of “eidetics” and its application to law. I show that, according to this approach grounded in the works of Reinach (1913/1989) and Stein (1925), the problem of the existence and validity of the law can be fruitfully analysed in terms of parts-wholes which constitute law-making acts as wholes, both as performed and fulfilled acts. I argue that the parts of law-making acts can be subject to varying degrees of constraint – necessary, possible or contingent parts – and that it is the possible part of law-making acts that makes the difference between the existence of law-making acts and their validity: between their mere existence as performed acts, and their full existence as fulfilled and valid acts. I show this in focusing on Stein’s suggestion of filling the inter-personal gap between legislator and citizens in legal provisions by introducing “integrative acts”, which facilitate the uptake and, consequently, the enforcement of legal provisions by citizens. I suggest that Stein’s work on the integrative acts of legal provisions is grounded in the eidetic claim that essential parts of a whole also include possible – and not only necessary – parts, and that these are essential relations of tendency: legal provisions tend essentially to be fulfilled and their existence acquires a full sense only when they are enforced. Finally, I deal with eidetics and the issue of degrees and quality of existence in social ontology

Study of value orientations among russian students

The study substantiates the need for value orientations study among Russian college students due to the changes in economic and political foundations of Russian society. Theoretical approaches to the classification of values are considered. We considered the researchers approach to the determination of values based on the modification of the classification proposed by M. Rokeac

Double Spin Asymmetries A_NN and A_SS at sqrt{s}=200 GeV in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at RHIC

We present the first measurements of the double spin asymmetries A_NN and A_SS at sqrt{s}=200 GeV, obtained by the pp2pp experiment using polarized proton beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data were collected in the four momentum transfer t range 0.01<|t|<0.03 (GeV/c)^2. The measured asymmetries, which are consistent with zero, allow us to estimate upper limits on the double helicity-flip amplitudes phi_2 and phi_4 at small t as well as on the difference Delta(sigma_T) between the total cross sections for transversely polarized protons with antiparallel or parallel spin orientations.Comment: 13 pages with 3 figures. Final version accepted by Phys. Lett.

Diabetes mellitus associated with the mutation of the ABCC8 gene (MODY 12): features of clinical course and therapy

Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of diseases associated with genes mutations leading to dysfunction of pancreatic &beta;-cells. Among the 14 identified MODY variants, MODY 1&ndash;5 are the most studied. The article reports a MODY 12 clinical case, with mutation in ABCC8, encoding the sulphonylurea receptor. Diabetes mellitus manifested in a 27-year-old man with hyperglycaemia up to 24 mmol/L, without ketosis. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, microalbuminuria, dyslipidaemia and carotid atherosclerosis were revealed upon initial examination. The levels of pancreatic islet cell antibodies and glutamate decarboxylase antibodies were negative, while the level of C-peptide was within the normal range. Insulin therapy in the basal-bolus regimen was provided with a gradual dose reduction due to frequent hypoglycaemia. The preproliferative retinopathy with macular oedema was revealed after 4 months of therapy, and panretinal photocoagulation of both eyes was performed. A molecular genetics study revealed a mutation in the gene ABCC8, the same mutation was found in patient&rsquo;s mother and uncle. Insulin therapy was cancelled, and the treatment of gliclazide MR 60 mg/day was initiated, which resulted in extreme glycaemic excursions. Thereby, sodium&ndash;glucose cotranporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin 10 mg/day was added. A reduction in glucose variability parameters were observed on combination therapy. After 6 months till 1.5 years of treatment, glycaemic control was optimal, no hypoglycaemic episodes were observed. This case study demonstrates clinical features of MODY 12, and the potential of combination of sulfonylurea and SGLT2 inhibitor in the treatment of this disease