Realization of Minimal Supergravity

Minimal supergravity mediation of supersymmetry breaking has attracted much attention due to its simplicity, which leads to its predictive power. We consider how Nature possibly realizes minimal supergravity through inflationary selection of the theory. Minimality is impressively consistent with the present observational bounds and it might be tested with the aid of low-energy soft parameters obtained in future experiments.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure

Effective Hamiltonian of Three-orbital Hubbard Model on Pyrochlore Lattice: Application to LiV_2O_4

We investigate heavy fermion behaviors in the vanadium spinel LiV_2O_4. We start from a three-orbital Hubbard model on the pyrochlore lattice and derive its low-energy effective Hamiltonian by an approach of real-space renormalization group type. One important tetrahedron configuration in the rochlore lattice has a three-fold orbital degeneracy and spin S=1, and correspondingly, the effective Hamiltonian has spin and orbital exchange interactions of Kugel-Khomskii type as well as correlated electron hoppings. Analyzing the effective Hamiltonian, we find that ferromagnetic double exchange processes compete with antiferromagnetic superexchange processes and various spin and orbital exchange processes are competing to each other. These results suggest the absence of phase transition in spin and orbital spaces down to very low temperatures and their large fluctuations in the low-energy sector, which are key issues for understanding the heavy fermion behavior in LiV_2O_4.Comment: 26 pages, 26 figure

The Molecular Basis of Resistance Antiretroviral Markers and Polymorphisms of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Subtype Crf01-ae Protease Gene in Naïve and Treatment Failure Patients in Bali

Application of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has proven to reduce mortality rates and prolong life expectancy. On the other hand, the use of antiretroviral drugs has incited the emergence of HIVDR. The resistance is due to mutation at genes associated with drug resistance. Nowadays, the determination of resistance markers mutations are based on HIV-1 subtype B. However, the majority of HIV in Indonesia, particularly in Bali are of subtype CRF01_AE. Genetic variation between HIV viruses has led to variations in subtypes; therefore, resistance markers of subtype B could be polymorphisms of non-B subtypes. This study aims to determine the number and types of the resistance markers mutations and polymorphisms that occur on the PR gene of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE of naïve and treatment failure patients in Bali. This is an observational cross-sectional analytical study, conducted at two VCT clinics in Denpasar, during the period of April 2010 until October 2011. Samples consist of 18 HIV patients with treatment failure and 30 naïve HIV patients. Mutations were evaluated using PCR, sequenced and aligned were carried out using MEGA4. Interpretations of the mutations were made based on the Stanford HIV database. Hypothesis tests used were Mann-Whitney because of abnormal distribution of data. Hypothesis was accepted if the significant level p<0.05. This study found that of the demographic data, only the predisposing factors of the two groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Two patients with treatment failure and 5 naïve patients were found to have L10LV/I mutations. Only one patient with treatment failure had the I54FI mutation. No major mutations were found among the two study groups. The number and types of minor mutations were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the naïve group and treatment failure group. M36I and H69K polymorphisms of the PR gene were found in all the study samples. In conclusion of this study, two types of major mutations were found, L10LV/I and I54FI. The number and types of the resistance markers mutations towards the protease inhibitor (PI) group were not significantly different between the two study groups. M36I, H69K mutations of the PR gene are markers of polymorphisms of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE

Nominal And Verbal In Dialect Sasak Kuto-kute Bayan, West Lombok Regency: Description And Analysis

Kehidupan dan bahasa merupakan suatu hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Hubungan antara kehidupan dan bahasa sangat erat sehingga setiap bangsa dan etnis memiliki bahasa sendiri yang digunakan oleh penuturnya . Di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat terdapat bahasa Sasak g digunakan oleh oleh masyarakat Sasak. Bahasa Sasak mendapat perhatian khusus para linguis. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik bahasa Sasak. Sebuah penelitian mengatakan bahwa adanya potensi konflik antaretnik penutur bahasa yang berbeda karena faktor penggunaan bahasa. Dikatakan bahwa miskomunikasi menyebabkan kesalahpahaman, dan kesalahpahaman disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan linguistik. Pemahaman yang baik terhadap sebuah bahasa merupakan siati keharusan karena hal itu bisa menghindarkan konflik. Sebuah penelitian untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis nominal dan verbal dialek sasak Kuto-Kute sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini merupaka suatu upaya untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis dialek verbal dan nominal sasak Kuto-Kute di Kabupaten Bayan, Kabupaten Lombok barat. Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dan eksploratif. Empat siswa sasak, asli dialek Kuto-Kute diwawancarai untuk memperoleh data. Mereka mampu berbicara bahasa dengan baik, memiliki organ berbicara yang normal, tamatan sekolah dasar, berusia sekitar 20-40 tahun, dan tinggal di luar pulau Lombok. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi observasi, wawancara dan kepustakaan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan proses morfologi pada nominalisasi dan verbalisasi yang melibatkan penggunaan prefiks (7), infiks (1), dan akhiran (1) dan 7 simulfixes. Proses morfemis dapat mengubah bentuk dan arti dari morfem bebas. Dan morfem diidentifikasi sebagai bebas dan terikat

Orbitally-driven Peierls state in spinels

We consider the superstructures, which can be formed in spinels containing on B-sites the transition-metal ions with partially filled t2g levels. We show that, when such systems are close to itinerant state (e.g. have an insulator-metal transition), there may appear in them an orbitally-driven Peierls state. We explain by this mechanism the very unusual superstructures observed in CuIr2S4 (octamers) and MgTi2O4 (chiral superstructures) and suggest that similar phenomenon should be observed in NaTiO2 and possibly in some other systems.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure