76 research outputs found
An introduction to axions and their detection
In these notes I try to introduce the reader to the topic of axions: their theoretical motivation and expected phenomenology, their role in astrophysics and as a dark matter candidate, and the experimental techniques to detect them. Special emphasis is made in this last point, for which a relatively updated review of worldwide efforts and future prospects is made. The material is intended as an introduction to the topic, and it was prepared as lecture notes for Les Houches summer school 2021. Abundant references are included to direct the reader to deeper insight on the different aspects of axion physics. Copyright I. G. Irastorza. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
The discrimination capabilities of Micromegas detectors at low energy
The latest generation of Micromegas detectors show a good energy resolution,
spatial resolution and low threshold, which make them idoneous in low energy
applications. Two micromegas detectors have been built for dark matter
experiments: CAST, which uses a dipole magnet to convert axion into detectable
x-ray photons, and MIMAC, which aims to reconstruct the tracks of low energy
nuclear recoils in a mixture of CF4 and CHF3. These readouts have been
respectively built with the microbulk and bulk techniques, which show different
gain, electron transmission and energy resolutions. The detectors and the
operation conditions will be described in detail as well as their
discrimination capabilities for low energy photons will be discussed.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the TIPP2011 conference
(Physics Procedia
Lessons from the operation of the "Penning-Fluorescent" TPC and prospects
We have recently reported the development of a new type of high-pressure
Xenon time projection chamber operated with an ultra-low diffusion mixture and
that simultaneously displays Penning effect and fluorescence in the
near-visible region (300 nm). The concept, dubbed `Penning-Fluorescent' TPC,
allows the simultaneous reconstruction of primary charge and scintillation with
high topological and calorimetric fidelity
Osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in decellularised adipose tissue solid foams
3D cell culture systems based on biological scaffold materials obtainable from both animal and human tissues constitute very interesting tools for cell therapy and personalised medicine applications. The white adipose tissue (AT) extracellular matrix (ECM) is a very promising biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its easy accessibility, malleability and proven biological activity. In the present study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were combined in vitro with ECM scaffolds from porcine and human decellularised adipose tissues (pDAT, hDAT) processed as 3D solid foams, to investigate their effects on the osteogenic differentiation capacity and bone matrix production of hDPSCs, compared to single-protein-based 3D solid foams of collagen type I and conventional 2D tissue-culture-treated polystyrene plates. pDAT solid foams supported the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs to similar levels to collagen type I, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red stainings, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and osteocalcin/bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP) immunostaining. Interestingly, hDAT solid foams showed a markedly lower capacity to sustain hDPSC osteogenic differentiation and matrix calcification and a higher capacity to support adipogenesis, as assessed by RT-qPCR and oil red O staining. White ATs from both human and porcine origins are relatively abundant and available sources of raw material to obtain high quality ECM-derived biomedical products. These biomaterials could have promising applications in tissue engineering and personalised clinical therapy for the healing and regeneration of lesions involving not only a loss of calcified bone but also its associated soft non-calcified tissues.This research was supported by the Basque Government (ELKARTEK program PLAKA KK2019-00093; to NB), MICINN retos I+D+i (PID2019- 104766RB-C21, to JRP) and UPV/EHU (PPGA20/22; to FU, GI). The authors would like to thank the staff members of the SGIKER services of the UPV/EHU: Lipidomic service (Beatriz Abad) and Analytical Microscopy (Ricardo Andrade, Alejandro Díez-Torre and Irene Fernández) for their technical assistance
Direct detection of dark matter axions with directional sensitivity
We study the directional effect of the expected axion dark matter signal in a
resonant cavity of an axion haloscope detector, for cavity geometries not
satisfying the condition that the axion de Broglie wavelength is
sufficiently larger than the cavity dimensions for a fully coherent
conversion, i.e. . We focus on long thin cavities
immersed in dipole magnets and find, for appropriately chosen cavity lengths,
an O(1) modulation of the signal with the cavity orientation with respect the
momentum distribution of the relic axion background predicted by the isothermal
sphere model for the galactic dark matter halo. This effect can be exploited to
design directional axion dark matter detectors, providing an unmistakable
signature of the extraterrestrial origin of a possible positive detection.
Moreover, the precise shape of the modulation may give information of the
galactic halo distribution and, for specific halo models, give extra
sensitivity for higher axion masses.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, prepared for submission to JCA
Gaseous time projection chambers for rare event detection: Results from the T-REX project. II. Dark matter
As part of the T-REX project, a number of R&D and prototyping activities have
been carried out during the last years to explore the applicability of
Micromegas-read gaseous TPCs in rare event searches like double beta decay
(DBD), axion research and low-mass WIMP searches. While in the companion paper
we focus on DBD, in this paper we focus on the results regarding the search for
dark matter candidates, both axions and WIMPs. Small ultra-low background
Micromegas detectors are used to image the x-ray signal expected in axion
helioscopes like CAST at CERN. Background levels as low as
c keVcms have already been achieved in CAST while values
down to c keVcms have been obtained in a
test bench placed underground in the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc.
Prospects to consolidate and further reduce these values down to
c keVcmswill be described. Such detectors, placed at the
focal point of x-ray telescopes in the future IAXO experiment, would allow for
10 better signal-to-noise ratio than CAST, and search for solar axions with
down to few 10 GeV, well into unexplored axion
parameter space. In addition, a scaled-up version of these TPCs, properly
shielded and placed underground, can be competitive in the search for low-mass
WIMPs. The TREX-DM prototype, with 0.300 kg of Ar at 10 bar, or
alternatively 0.160 kg of Ne at 10 bar, and energy threshold well below 1
keV, has been built to test this concept. We will describe the main technical
solutions developed, as well as the results from the commissioning phase on
surface. The anticipated sensitivity of this technique might reach
cm for low mass ( GeV) WIMPs, well beyond current
experimental limits in this mass range.Comment: Published in JCAP. New version with erratum incorporated (new figure
14
Status of low mass WIMP detector TREX-DM
TREX-DM (TPC Rare Event eXperiment for Dark Matter) is a high-pressure Micromegas-based TPC designed to host a few hundreds of grams of light nuclei (argon or neon) with energy thresholds potentially at the level of 0.4 keVee or below. Preliminary background studies suggest that the levels expected are of the order of 1-10 counts keV-1 kg-1 d-1, making TREX-DM competitive in the search for low mass WIMPs (<10 GeV). The experiment has been approved by the LSC (Laboratorio Subterrneo de Canfranc) and the last months have been devoted to its installation underground. Here we will report on the first commissioning phase
CAST microbulk micromegas in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
During the last taking data campaigns of the CAST experiment, the micromegas
detectors have achieved background levels of keVcms between 2 and 9 keV. This performance has
been possible thanks to the introduction of the microbulk technology, the
implementation of a shielding and the development of discrimination algorithms.
It has motivated new studies towards a deeper understanding of CAST detectors
background. One of the working lines includes the construction of a replica of
the set-up used in CAST by micromegas detectors and its installation in the
Canfranc Underground Laboratory. Thanks to the comparison between the
performance of the detectors underground and at surface, shielding upgrades,
etc, different contributions to the detectors background have been evaluated.
In particular, an upper limit keVcms
for the intrinsic background of the detector has been obtained. This work means
a first evaluation of the potential of the newest micromegas technology in an
underground laboratory, the most suitable environment for Rare Event Searches.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation for Particle
Physics (TIPP 2011
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