ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗАЩИТНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ОТ КОМПЛЕКСА БОЛЕЗНЕЙ НА МОРКОВИ СТОЛОВОЙ

In 2016, 2017 studies on the influence of fungicides on the development of diseases on the leaf surface of carrots were carried out. To study were taken fungicides Akanto Plus, Signum, fast and Rex duo. The research was carried out on the varieties of carrots of the Primorskyaya 22 and Taiphun. The work was carried out at the seaside vegetable Experimental Station – branch of the federal State budget scientific institution "Federal Scientific Center of vegetable growing" in coastal zone of Primorsky Krai in conditions of monsoon climate with annual quantity Precipitation 700-800 mm, most of which falls on the summer period. Natural climatic factors of Primorsky Krai create the most favorable conditions for development of high infectious background of pathogenic flora. The leaves of carrots here are amazed fitopatogenami from childbirth Alternaria, Cercospora, Xanthomonas. Diseases appear in the sowing of carrots usually in the second half of the growing season, after clamping tops in rows. The first treatment of drugs was carried out at the appearance of the first signs of disease on the leaf surface of the carrot, two subsequent treatments-in 14-16 days, depending on weather conditions. The most biological efficacy after three treatment showed the fungicide Signum: 53.2% on the variety of Primorskyaya 22 and 54.3% on the grade Taiphun, which contributed to the highest yield of carrots in this variant. The increase in the yield of standard root crops was here 10.0 t/ha or 41.0% on the grade of the Primorskyaya 22 and 7.6 t/ha or 28.4% on the grade Taiphun compared to the control version.В 2016-2017 годах проведены исследования по влиянию фунгицидов на развитие болезней на листовой поверхности моркови. Для изучения были взяты фунгициды Аканто Плюс, Сигнум, Скор и Рекс Дуо. Исследования проводили на сортах моркови селекции Приморской ООС Приморская 22 и Тайфун. Работу вели на Приморской овощной опытной станции – филиале Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в прибрежной зоне Приморского края в условиях муссонного климата с годовым количеством осадков 700-800 мм, большая часть которых приходится на летний период. Природно-климатические факторы Приморского края создают наиболее благоприятные условия для развития высокого инфекционного фона патогенной флоры. Листья моркови здесь поражаются фитопатогенами из родов Alternaria, Cercospora, Xanthomonas. Заболевания появляются в посевах моркови обычно во второй половине вегетационного периода, после смыкания ботвы в рядках. Первую обработку препаратами проводили при появлении первых признаков болезней на листовой поверхности моркови, две последующие обработки – через 14-16 суток в зависимости от погодных условий. Наибольшую биологическую эффективность после трех обработок показал фунгицид Сигнум: 53,2% – на сорте Приморская 22 и 54,3% – на сорте Тайфун, что способствовало получению наибольшей урожайности моркови в этом варианте. Повышение урожая стандартных корнеплодов составило здесь 10,0 т/га или 41,0% на сорте Приморская 22 и 7,6 т/га или 28,4% на сорте Тайфун по сравнению с контрольным вариантом

Тенденции в эндопротезировании крупных суставов у пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями: опыт специализированного травматолого-ортопедического отделения

Total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA respectively) is frequently used in severe structural changes in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Objective: to evaluate the dynamics of the number of TKA of THA in patients with OA and RA treated in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.Material and methods. The analysis of 11-year period (from 2012 to 2022) of surgical activity of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.Results and discussion. Within the mentioned period, 2955 TKA and THA were performed in 1590 patients with OA and 1365 with RA. From 2012 to 2018, the number of surgeries in patients with OA and RA was approximately the same, but since 2019 there has been a significant increase in the number of total arthroplasties (TA) in OA. The median delta (Δ) of the number of TKA and THA performed annually over 11 years was 13.5 [-17.5; 75.7] in patients with OA and 2.5 [-10.25; 25.0] in patients with RA (p=0.032).Conclusion. In the last 11 years there was no significant dynamics in the number of TKA and THA in patients with RA. At the same time, there is a statistically significant increase in the number of TA in patients with OA, which is in line with the global trend.Тотальное эндопротезирование (ТЭ) коленного сустава (КС) и тазобедренного (ТБС) суставов широко используется при их тяжелых структурных изменениях у больных остеоартритом (ОА) и ревматоидным артритом (РА).Цель исследования – оценить динамику числа ТЭ КС и ТБС у пациентов с ОА и РА, находившихся на стационарном лечении в травматолого-ортопедическом отделении ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» (НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой).Материал и методы. Проведен анализ хирургической активности травматолого-ортопедического отделения НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой за 11 лет (2012–2022 гг.).Результаты и обсуждение. За указанный период было выполнено 2955 ТЭ КС и ТБС у 1590 – больных ОА и 1365 – РА. С 2012 г. по 2018 г. число операций, проведенных пациентам с ОА и РА, было примерно одинаковым, однако с 2019 г. отмечается значительный рост числа ТЭ при ОА. Медиана дельты (Δ) числа выполнявшихся ежегодно ТЭ КС и ТБС за 11 лет у больных ОА составила 13,5 [-17,5; 75,7], у больных РА – 2,5 [-10,25; 25,0], p=0,032.Заключение. За последние 11 лет не отмечено существенной динамики числа ТЭ КС и ТБС у больных РА. В то же время число ТЭ у больных ОА статистически значимо увеличивается, что соответствует общемировой тенденции

Факторы риска развития асептического некроза головки бедренной кости у пациентов с системной красной волчанкой

Objective: to identify risk factors for the development of the femoral head aseptic necrosis (FHAN) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint (HJ) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to a retrospective analysis.Material and methods.The retrospective study included data from the case histories of 103 patients with SLE who underwent total hip arthroplasty (HA) (unilateral in 82 patients, bilateral in 21). The total follow-up period ranged from 2 years to 21 years. Among the patients included in thestudy, the majority were women (86.4%), the ratio of women and men was 7:1. At the time of surgery, the average age of women was 36.3±13.25 years, men – 36.2±9.57 years, duration of the disease – 168.0±132.5 months. SLE activity was assessed using the SLEDAI-2K scale. All patients were taking glucocorticoids (GC). The average duration of GC treatment was 89.0±87.2 months. 71.8% of patients received immunosuppressive therapy: hydroxychloroquine – 55.3%, azathioprine – 10.7%, methotrexate – 5.8%. The functional status of hip joint was determined using the Harris scale; by the time of surgery, the average score was 45.6±13.1 points. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale and reached an average of 70.1±16.0 mm.Results and discussion. In 58.5% of patients with SLE, the indication for HA was FHAN (Group 1) and in 41.6% – OA of HJ (Group 2). At the time of HA, the duration of the disease was longer and the age was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05). An analysis of individual clinical manifestations of SLE that preceded the development of HJ pathology revealed that arthritis and the presence of an antinuclear factor, ANF, were associated with the development of FHAN (p=0.022 and p=0.04, respectively). At the onset of the disease, patients of the 1st group, compared with patients of the 2nd group, more often had lesions of the skin, kidneys and serositis (22.9 and 20.5%; 14.5 and 11.7%; 68.7 and 64.7 %, respectively), but they were less likely to have mucous membranes and the central nervous system (CNS) involvement (14.5 and 23.5%; 10.4 and 17.6%, respectively). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Almost all of these disease manifestations, with the exception of the mucous membranes and the CNS lesions, were more often observed in patients with the development of FHAN, which indicates a higher activity of the disease at the onset of SLE. At the time of HA, we did not find any relationship between SLE activity and FHAN formation and hip OA. Patients of the 1st and 2nd groups in the same number of cases had mild (56.2 and 58.8%, respectively) and moderate (35.4 and 32.4%, respectively) activity according to SLEDAI-2K. No activity (SLEDAI-2K – 0 points) was also observed in patients of both groups with the same frequency (8.3 and 8.8% of cases, respectively). Associations of cumulative and daily doses of GC with the development of FHAN and OA of HJ were not revealed. In the 1st group, the average daily dose of GC was slightly higher, and the cumulative dose was less than in the 2nd group (8.59±4.75 and 7.79±5.39 mg; 20.0±11.9 and 23.8±19.2 g, respectively), but these differences were not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion. In SLE patients, the incidence of FHAN and HJ OA was comparable. At the time of HA, SLE patients with HJ OA were older and had a longer duration of the disease than patients with FHAN. The risk factors for FHAN were arthritis and ANF positivity at the onset of SLE.Цель исследования – выявить факторы риска развития асептического некроза головки бедренной кости (АНГБК) и остеоартрита (ОА) тазобедренного сустава (ТБС) у пациентов с системной красной волчанкой (СКВ) по данным ретроспективного анализа.Материал и методы. В ретроспективное исследование включены данные историй болезни 103 пациентов с СКВ, которым проводилось тотальное эндопротезирование (ТЭ) ТБС (у 82 пациентов – одностороннее, у 21 – двустороннее). Общий период наблюдения колебался от 2 лет до 21 года. Среди больных, включенных в исследование, преобладали женщины (86,4%), соотношение женщин и мужчин – 7:1. На момент операции возраст женщин составлял в среднем 36,3±13,25 года, мужчин – 36,2±9,57 года, длительность заболевания – 168,0±132,5 мес. Активность СКВ оценивали по шкале SLEDAI-2K. Все пациенты принимали глюкокортикоиды (ГК). Средняя продолжительность лечения ГК – 89,0±87,2 мес. Иммуносупрессивную терапию получали 71,8% больных: гидроксихлорохин – 55,3%, азатиоприн –10,7%, метотрексат – 5,8%. Функциональный статус ТБС определяли по шкале Харриса, к моменту операции средний счет составлял 45,6±13,1 балла. Интенсивность боли оценивалась по визуальной аналоговой шкале и достигала в среднем 70,1±16,0 мм.Результаты и обсуждение. У 58,5% больных СКВ показанием для ТЭ служил АНГБК (1-я группа) и у 41,6% – ОА ТБС (2-я группа). На момент ТЭ длительность болезни и возраст во 2-й группе были больше, чем в 1-й (р<0,05). Анализ отдельных клинических проявлений СКВ, предшествовавших развитию патологии ТБС, выявил, что с развитием АНГБК ассоциировались такие признаки, как артрит и наличие антинуклеарного фактора – АНФ (р=0,022 и р=0,04 соответственно). В дебюте заболевания пациенты 1-й группы по сравнению с пациентами 2-й группы чаще имели поражение кожи, почек и серозит (22,9 и 20,5%; 14,5 и 11,7%; 68,7 и 64,7% соответственно), но у них реже встречалось травмирование слизистых оболочек и центральной нервной системы – ЦНС (14,5 и 23,5%; 10,4 и 17,6% соответственно). Однако эти различия не достигали статистической значимости. Практически все указанные проявления болезни, за исключением поражения слизистых оболочек и ЦНС, чаще наблюдались у пациентов с развитием АНГБК, что свидетельствует о более высокой активности болезни в дебюте СКВ. На момент ТЭ ТБС мы не обнаружили взаимосвязи активности СКВ с формированием АНГБК и ОА ТБС. У пациентов 1-й и 2-й групп в одинаковом числе случаев имелась низкая (56,2 и 58,8% соответственно) и умеренная (35,4 и 32,4% соответственно) степень активности по SLEDAI-2K. Отсутствие активности (SLEDAI-2K – 0 баллов) наблюдалось у пациентов обеих групп также с одинаковой частотой (8,3 и 8,8% случаев соответственно). Ассоциации кумулятивной и суточной дозы ГК с развитием АНГБК и ОА ТБС не выявлено. В 1-й группе средняя суточная доза ГК была несколько больше, а кумулятивная доза – меньше, чем во 2-й (8,59±4,75 и 7,79±5,39 мг; 20,0±11,9 и 23,8±19,2 г соответственно), однако эти различия были незначимы (р>0,05).Заключение. У больных СКВ частота развития АНГБК и ОА ТБС была сопоставимой. На момент ТЭ ТБС больные СКВ с ОА ТБС были старше и имели большую длительность заболевания, чем пациенты с АНГБК. Факторами риска возникновения АНГБК являлись артрит и позитивность по АНФ в дебюте СКВ

Selection of an optimal method for screening the collection of narrow-leaved lupine held by the Vavilov Institute for the qualitative and quantitative composition of seed alkaloids

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites – alkaloids – in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, plant breeders working with lupine need to gain knowledge about the variability of alkaloid content in seeds of different genotypes and search for the sources of their low concentrations in the crop’s gene pool. The collection of narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) offers wide opportunities for such search by means of mass screening. For its part, largescale gene pool screening requires the selection of an optimal technique to measure alkaloid content in seeds, so that it would be easily reproducible and as little labor-, time- and fund-consuming as possible. The results of the search for such method are presented. Qualitative and quantitative indices were compared when target compounds had been extracted with multicomponent mixtures and individual reagents (chloroform, methanol, etc.) and the extracts analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was also employed. Five major alkaloids were found to be present in all types of extracts: lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine (dominant ones), angustifoline, sparteine, and isolupanine. The fullest extraction of alkaloids was observed when the extractant with an added alkaline agent was used (425 mg/100 g). The lowest level of extraction was registered with chloroform (216 mg/100 g). The significance of the differences was confirmed statistically

ГЕМОРРАГИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИХОРАДКА С ПОЧЕЧНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ НА ЮГЕ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА РОССИИ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ТЕРАПИИ

Contemporary problems of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), being one of hantaviral infection nozoforms and wide-spread on Euro Asiatic continent are considered. Annual increase morbidity with of natural foci expansion, often severe course and a high mortality rate determine the importance of HFRS for health of many countries and in particular the Russia. This article presents of long standing results obtained during the study of epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory diagnostic, immunopathogenesis, treatment trials in Primorsky region of Russian Federation, being the endemic area of co-circulation of several pathogenic hantaviruses.Рассмотрены современные проблемы одной их нозоформ хантавирусной инфекции – геморрагической лихорадки с почечным синдромом (ГЛПС), широко распространенной на Евразийском континенте. Ежегодный прирост заболеваемости с расширением природных очагов инфекции, нередко тяжелое течение и высокий уровень летальности определяют большое значение ГЛПС для здравоохранения многих стран, в том числе и России. Статья представляет результаты многолетнего изучения эпидемиологии, ранней клинической и лабораторной диагностики, иммунопатогенеза и терапии ГЛПС в Приморском крае – эндемичном регионе циркуляции нескольких патогенных хантавирусов

Аваскулярный некроз при системной красной волчанке: тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава при мутации в гене V (Leiden) фактора свертывания крови (клиническое наблюдение)

The article provides a description of the systemic lupus erythematosus patient with multiple avascular bone necrosis (ABN), homozygous mutation in clotting factor V (Leiden) gene, who successfully underwent the total hip replacement. The role of high doses of glucocorticoids and coagulation disorders, in particular the homozygous mutation in factor V (Leiden) gene, in the development of ABN is discussed.В статье приводится описание пациентки с системной красной волчанкой, множественными аваскулярными некрозами костей (АВН), гомозиготной мутацией в гене V фактора свертывания крови, успешно перенесшей тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Обсуждается роль в развитии АВН высоких доз глюкокортикоидов и нарушений свертывания крови, в частности гомозиготной мутации Leiden

Reduction of Hydrophilic Ubiquinones by the Flavin in Mitochondrial NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase (Complex I) and Production of Reactive Oxygen Species†

ABSTRACT: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from bovine heart mitochondria is a complicated, energy-transducing, membrane-bound enzyme that contains 45 different subunits, a non-covalently bound flavin mononucleotide, and eight iron-sulfur clusters. The mechanisms of NADH oxidation and intramolecular electron transfer by complex I are gradually being defined, but the mechanism linking ubiquinone reduction to proton translocation remains unknown. Studies of ubiquinone reduction by isolated complex I are problematic because the extremely hydrophobic natural substrate, ubiquinone-10, must be substituted with a relatively hydrophilic analogue (such as ubiquinone-1). Hydrophilic ubiquinones are reduced by an additional, non-energy-transducing pathway (which is insensitive to inhibitors such as rotenone and piericidin A). Here, we show that inhibitor-insensitive ubiquinone reduction occurs by a ping-pong type mechanism, catalyzed by the flavin mononucleotide cofactor in the active site for NADH oxidation. Moreover, semiquinones produced at the flavin site initiate redox cycling reactions with molecular oxygen, producing superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. The ubiquinone reactant is regenerated, so the NADH:Q reaction becomes superstoichiometric. Idebenone, an artificial ubiquinone showing promise in the treatment of Friedreich’s Ataxia, reacts at the flavin site. The factors which determine the balance of reactivity between the two sites of ubiquinone reduction (the energy-transducing site and the flavi

Targeted apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through mitochondrial dysfunction in response to Sambucus nigra agglutinin

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients encounter the severe challenge of clinical management owing to lack of screening measures, chemoresistance and finally dearth of non-toxic therapeutics. Cancer cells deploy various defense strategies to sustain the tumor microenvironment, among which deregulated apoptosis remains a versatile promoter of cancer progression. Although recent research has focused on identifying agents capable of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, yet molecules efficiently breaching their survival advantage are yet to be classified. Here we identify lectin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) to exhibit selectivity towards identifying OC by virtue of its specific recognition of α-2, 6-linked sialic acids. Superficial binding of SNA to the OC cells confirm the hyper-sialylated status of the disease. Further, SNA activates the signaling pathways of AKT and ERK1/2, which eventually promotes de-phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1). Upon its translocation to the mitochondrial fission loci Drp-1 mediates the central role of switch in the mitochondrial phenotype to attain fragmented morphology. We confirmed mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization resulting in ROS generation and cytochrome-c release into the cytosol. SNA response resulted in an allied shift of the bioenergetics profile from Warburg phenotype to elevated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, altogether highlighting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in restraining cancer progression. Inability to replenish the SNA-induced energy crunch of the proliferating cancer cells on the event of perturbed respiratory outcome resulted in cell cycle arrest before G2/M phase. Our findings position SNA at a crucial juncture where it proves to be a promising candidate for impeding progression of OC. Altogether we unveil the novel aspect of identifying natural molecules harboring the inherent capability of targeting mitochondrial structural dynamics, to hold the future for developing non-toxic therapeutics for treating OC

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES FROM THE DISEASE OF CARROTS

In 2016, 2017 studies on the influence of fungicides on the development of diseases on the leaf surface of carrots were carried out. To study were taken fungicides Akanto Plus, Signum, fast and Rex duo. The research was carried out on the varieties of carrots of the Primorskyaya 22 and Taiphun. The work was carried out at the seaside vegetable Experimental Station – branch of the federal State budget scientific institution "Federal Scientific Center of vegetable growing" in coastal zone of Primorsky Krai in conditions of monsoon climate with annual quantity Precipitation 700-800 mm, most of which falls on the summer period. Natural climatic factors of Primorsky Krai create the most favorable conditions for development of high infectious background of pathogenic flora. The leaves of carrots here are amazed fitopatogenami from childbirth Alternaria, Cercospora, Xanthomonas. Diseases appear in the sowing of carrots usually in the second half of the growing season, after clamping tops in rows. The first treatment of drugs was carried out at the appearance of the first signs of disease on the leaf surface of the carrot, two subsequent treatments-in 14-16 days, depending on weather conditions. The most biological efficacy after three treatment showed the fungicide Signum: 53.2% on the variety of Primorskyaya 22 and 54.3% on the grade Taiphun, which contributed to the highest yield of carrots in this variant. The increase in the yield of standard root crops was here 10.0 t/ha or 41.0% on the grade of the Primorskyaya 22 and 7.6 t/ha or 28.4% on the grade Taiphun compared to the control version