Food security and import substitution: major strategic objectives of contemporary agricultural policy

Rural areas and the agricultural sector are currently experiencing a radically new social and economic situation which barely fits the existing national agricultural policy as a long-term instrument for stimulating the agri-food market and government’s support of the agrarian sector and, primarily, agriculture that underlies it. In the age of globalization of national agri-food markets, food supply security based on import substitution can be ensured in a macro-economic environment that favors the development of a competitive agricultural industry. The main factor preventing the industry from developing is the unequal inter-industrial exchange biased against the rural economy. The article proposes the author’s simple tried and tested schema for evaluating how inter-industry pricing relationships and governmental financial support (in the form of subsidies) to agricultural organizations affect their margins. The evaluation leads to the following conclusions: – Given its real contribution to the national economy, the agro-industry is self-sufficient for its own development, i.e. the state objectively has the potential to increase its expenses on the elimination of the negative consequences from an unequal inter-industry exchange; – Federal expenditures on such state support must secure a margin for agricultural goods producers that enables stimuli for workers’ efficiency and an affordable credit system for the technical and technological upgrade of the facilities required for the production of competitive goods; – The issues of competitive growth of agricultural products require solutions primarily on a federal scale. An essential factor of competitive growth of individual types of national food and agricultural raw materials should involve science proven EEU agricultural treaties. The article discusses the major priorities in developing a common agricultural policy in the new integration institution

From the Strategy of Food Independence to the Strategy of Raising the Competitiveness of Agroindustry

In the conditions of the globalization of national economies, the current situation in macroeconomics and, as a result, the need to improve the quality of life of the population, it is necessary to clearly outline and resolve the following three strategic tasks of the country’s agro-food industry: ensuring the country’s foodstaff independence based on import substitution; raising the competitiveness of farm products; developing the high level standard of living at the rural area based on the socio-economic development of the territories. The analysis of the government policy documents and concepts for developing the agricultural sector of the economy has revealed the following. The State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Commodities Markets, Agricultural Raw Materials and Foodstuff in 2013–2020 is the main active tool, a primary factor of accelerated agro-food import substitution, and a foundation for the new national agricultural policy. At the same time, the program does not answer the question, how one can really improve the competitiveness of national farm products. It does not outline the tasks and mechanisms to raise the standard of living for the rural population. The article considers the necessity to increase the competitiveness of agro-food sector as a prospective strategic direction in the government export policy. It clarifes the key factors of the influence on the competitiveness of the national farm products, namely: at the macroeconomic level—equivalence of cross-sector exchange, subsidizing and credit financing of the agro-food sector; at the sectoral level—territorial and sectoral specialization in agricultural production and the system of pro t distribution between the producers, processors and retailers of the farm products. The article outlines the possible ways of employment assistance for the rural population left without jobs as a result of improving the competitiveness of the agricultural production. It shows the expediency of the development of both the single scientifically-based interministerial document in the form of the national strategy and some relevant programs to improve the competitiveness of the country’s agro-food industry, employment and income of the rural population

Polarization effects in the reaction e++e−→ρ++ρ−e^++e^-\to \rho^+ +\rho^- and determination of the ρ−\rho - meson form factors in the time--like region

The electron positron annihilation reaction into four pion production has been studied, through the channel $e^++e^-\to \bar \rho+\rho$. The differential (and total) cross sections and various polarization observables for this reaction have been calculated in terms of the electromagnetic form factors of the corresponding $\gamma^*\rho\rho$ current. The elements of the spin--density matrix of the $\rho -$meson were also calculated. Numerical estimations have been done, with the help of phenomenological form factors obtained in the space--like region of the momentum transfer squared and analytically extended to the time-like region.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys Rev

Suppressed absolute negative conductance and generation of high-frequency radiation in semiconductor superlattices

We show that space-charge instabilities (electric field domains) in semiconductor superlattices are the attribute of absolute negative conductance induced by small constant and large alternating electric fields. We propose the efficient method for suppression of this destructive phenomenon in order to obtain a generation at microwave and THz frequencies in devices operating at room temperature. We theoretically proved that an unbiased superlattice with a moderate doping subjected to a microwave pump field provides a strong gain at third, fifth, seventh, etc. harmonics of the pump frequency in the conditions of suppressed domains.Comment: 8 pages. Development of cond-mat/0503216 . Version 2: Final version, erratum is include

Subterahertz chaos generation by coupling a superlattice to a linear resonator

We investigate the effects of a linear resonator on the high-frequency dynamics of electrons in devices exhibiting negative differential conductance. We show that the resonator strongly affects both the dc and ac transport characteristics of the device, inducing quasiperiodic and high-frequency chaotic current oscillations. The theoretical findings are confirmed by experimental measurements of a GaAs=AlAs miniband semiconductor superlattice coupled to a linear microstrip resonator. Our results are applicable to other active solid state devices and provide a generic approach for developing modern chaos-based high-frequency technologies including broadband chaotic wireless communication and superfast random-number generation

Cross section and polarization observables for the reaction e++e−→a1(1260)+πe^++e^-\to a_1(1260)+\pi

A model independent formalism for the electron positron annihilation reaction $e^++e^-\to a_1(1260)+\pi$ has been derived. The differential and total cross sections and the elements of the spin--density matrix of the $a_1$-meson were calculated in terms of the electromagnetic form factors of the corresponding $\gamma^*a_1\pi$ current. Simple models of $a_1$ form factors have been fitted to the available cross section data and they allow to give numerical predictions for the different observables.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures Added formulas for axial meson decay in 3 pions Modified version to appear in PR

Bloch gain in dc-ac-driven semiconductor superlattices in the absence of electric domains

We study theoretically the feasibility of amplification and generation of terahertz radiation in dc-ac-driven semiconductor superlattices in the absence of electric domains. We find that if in addition to dc bias a strong THz pump field is applied, Bloch gain profile for a small THz signal can be achieved under conditions of positive static differential conductivity. Here the positive differential conductivity arises, similarly to the case of large-signal amplification scheme [H. Kroemer, cond-mat/0009311)], due to modifications of dc current density caused by the application of high-frequency ac field [K. Unterrainer \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{76}, 2973 (1996)]. Whereas the sign of absorption at low and zero frequencies is sensitive to the ac fields, the gain profile in the vicinity of gain maximum is robust. We suggest to use this ac-induced effect in a starter for THz Bloch oscillator. Our analysis demonstrates that the application of a short THz pulse to a superlattice allows to suppress the undesirable formation of electric domains and reach a sustained large-amplitude operation of the dc-biased Bloch scillator.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Impurity breakdown and terahertz luminescence in n-GaN epilayers under external electric field

We report on the observation and experimental studies of impurity breakdown and terahertz luminescence in n-GaN epilayers under external electric field. The terahertz electroluminescence is observed in a wide range of doping levels (at noncompensated donor density from 4.5×10[sup 16] to 3.4×10[sup 18] cm[sup −3]). Spectra of terahertz luminescence and photoconductivity are studied by means of Fourier transform spectrometry. Distinctive features of the spectra can be assigned to intracenter electron transitions between excited and ground states of silicon and oxygen donors and to hot electron transitions to the donor states.Peer reviewe