516 research outputs found

    RÎle du laboratoire dans le diagnostic virologique de la grippe pandémique A(H1N1)v

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    La nouvelle grippe pandĂ©mique, apparue au mois d’avril 2009 au Mexique est encore appelĂ©e grippe porcine. Elle est due Ă  un nouveau virus Influenza A(H1N1)v, totalement inĂ©dit, jamais identifiĂ© auparavant dans aucune espĂšce et rĂ©sulte de rĂ©assortiments gĂ©nĂ©tiques complexes. Le rĂŽle du laboratoire est fondamental pour le diagnostic virologique de cette grippe Ă©mergente. Il permet d’apporter la certitude du diagnostic chez des patients dont le contexte clinico-Ă©pidĂ©miologique est Ă©vocateur d’une infection par le virus A(H1N)v. La confirmation virologique d’un cas d’infection due Ă  ce virus est apportĂ©e par la positivitĂ© des tests de laboratoire suivants: RT-PCR et/ou culture virale et/ou multiplication par quatre du taux des anticorps neutralisants spĂ©cifiques dirigĂ©s contre le virus A(H1N1)v sur une paire de sĂ©rums prĂ©levĂ©s Ă  deux semaines d'intervalle. La RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el, reprĂ©sente Ă  l’heure actuelle un outil de choix en raison de sa rapiditĂ©, sensibilitĂ© et spĂ©cificitĂ©. Les tests immunologiques de diagnostic rapide (TDR) permettent de dĂ©tecter la prĂ©sence des antigĂšnes de la nuclĂ©oprotĂ©ine des virus grippaux saisonniers de type A et B. L’évaluation de ces tests a montrĂ©, dans le contexte pandĂ©mique actuel, une faible sensibilitĂ© ne leur confĂ©rant pas une valeur prĂ©dictive nĂ©gative compatible avec une utilisation gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e. Leurs rĂ©sultats doivent ĂȘtre interprĂ©tĂ©s avec prudence et malgrĂ© leur bonne valeur prĂ©dictive positive, ils ne permettent qu’un diagnostic de prĂ©somption, une confirmation par RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el sera conduite chaque fois que cela est nĂ©cessaire

    First-principles prediction of redox potentials in transition-metal compounds with LDA+U

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    First-principles calculations within the Local Density Approximation (LDA) or Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), though very successful, are known to underestimate redox potentials, such as those at which lithium intercalates in transition metal compounds. We argue that this inaccuracy is related to the lack of cancellation of electron self-interaction errors in LDA/GGA and can be improved by using the DFT+UU method with a self-consistent evaluation of the UU parameter. We show that, using this approach, the experimental lithium intercalation voltages of a number of transition metal compounds, including the olivine Lix_{x}MPO4_{4} (M=Mn, Fe Co, Ni), layered Lix_{x}MO2_{2} (x=x=Co, Ni) and spinel-like Lix_{x}M2_{2}O4_{4} (M=Mn, Co), can be reproduced accurately.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. B 70, 235121 (2004

    Emergence d’isolats cliniques de Pseudomonas aeruginosa producteurs de bĂȘta-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu en milieu hospitalier

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    Les infections nosocomiales dues Ă  des bacilles Ă  Gram nĂ©gatif producteurs de bĂȘta-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu (BLSE) sont Ă  l’heure actuelle un sujet de prĂ©occupation majeure en milieu hospitalier, en particulier en milieu de rĂ©animation. Les BLSE ne sont plus l’apanage des entĂ©robactĂ©ries et leur diffusion est de plus en plus observĂ©e parmi de nombreuses espĂšces de bacilles non fermentant comme Pseudomonas spp et Acinetobacter spp en raison de l’utilisation abusive des bĂȘta-lactamines. La multirĂ©sistance dĂ©veloppĂ©e par les souches sĂ©crĂ©trices de BLSE, responsables d’épidĂ©mies nosocomiales conduit le clinicien Ă  un choix trĂšs restreint d’antibiotiques encore effcaces dont les carbapĂ©nĂšmes.En microbiologie clinique, la dĂ©tection des souches productrices de bĂȘta-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu (BLSE) requiert la combinaison de techniques microbiologiques spĂ©cifques, phĂ©notypiques (test de synergie) et gĂ©notypiques (recherche de gĂšnes de rĂ©sistance hĂ©bergĂ©s par ces souches ..). La surveillance des infections par des bacilles Ă  Gram nĂ©gatif producteurs de BLSE est devenue une nĂ©cessitĂ© en milieu de rĂ©animation, pourvoyeur d’infections nosocomiales. La maĂźtrise de la prescription des antibiotiques, l’application des rĂšgles Ă©lĂ©mentaires d’hygiĂšne hospitaliĂšre (notamment l’hygiĂšne des mains), le dĂ©pistage des patients porteurs de bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes (BMR) ainsi que le recours aux prĂ©cautions standard d’isolement technique et gĂ©ographique sont autant de stratĂ©gies Ă  mettre en oeuvre pour limiter la dissĂ©mination de ces souches. Nous rapportons pour la premiĂšre fois, cinq isolats cliniques de Pseudomonas aeruginosa producteurs de bĂȘta-lactamases Ă  spectre Ă©tendu (BLSE), phĂ©notype de rĂ©sistance aux bĂȘta-lactamines rarement observĂ© en pratique de laboratoire au sein de cette espĂšce

    Nosocomial outbreak of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing VIM-2 metallo-ÎČ-lactamase in a kidney transplantation unit

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Twenty four non replicate imipenem resistant <it>P. aeruginosa </it>were isolated between January and November 2008, in the kidney transplantation unit of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis (Tunisia). This study was conducted in order to establish epidemiological relationship among them and to identify the enzymatic mechanism involved in imipenem resistance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Analysis included antimicrobial susceptibility profile, phenotypic (imipenem-EDTA synergy test) and genotypic detection of metallo-ÎČ-lactamase (MBL) (PCR), O-serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All strains showed a high level of resistance to all antimicrobials tested except to colistin. The presence of MBL showed concordance between phenotypic and genotypic methods. Sixteen isolates were identified as VIM-2 MBL-producers and 13 of them were serotype O4 and belonged to a single pulsotype (A).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study describes an outbreak of VIM-2-producing <it>P. aeruginosa </it>in a kidney transplantation unit. Clinical spread of <it>bla</it><sub>VIM-2 </sub>gene is a matter of great concern for carbapenem resistance in Tunisia.</p

    Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564 / MDX1338): a fully human anti-CXCR4 antibody induces cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia mediated through a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway.

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    The CXCR4 receptor (Chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4) is highly expressed in different hematological malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The CXCR4 ligand (CXCL12) stimulates CXCR4 promoting cell survival and proliferation, and may contribute to the tropism of leukemia cells towards lymphoid tissues. Therefore, strategies targeting CXCR4 may constitute an effective therapeutic approach for CLL. To address that question, we studied the effect of Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564), a fully human IgG4 anti-CXCR4 antibody, using a stroma--CLL cells co-culture model. We found that Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564) inhibited CXCL12 mediated CXCR4 activation-migration of CLL cells at nanomolar concentrations. This effect was comparable to AMD3100 (Plerixafor--Mozobil), a small molecule CXCR4 inhibitor. However, Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564) but not AMD3100 induced apoptosis in CLL at nanomolar concentrations in the presence or absence of stromal cell support. This pro-apoptotic effect was independent of CLL high-risk prognostic markers, was associated with production of reactive oxygen species and did not require caspase activation. Overall, these findings are evidence that Ulocuplumab (BMS-936564) has biological activity in CLL, highlight the relevance of the CXCR4-CXCL12 pathway as a therapeutic target in CLL, and provide biological rationale for ongoing clinical trials in CLL and other hematological malignancies

    Targeting the CXCR4 pathway using a novel anti-CXCR4 IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

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    BackgroundThe CXCR4-CXCL12 axis plays an important role in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-microenvironment interaction. Overexpression of CXCR4 has been reported in different hematological malignancies including CLL. Binding of the pro-survival chemokine CXCL12 with its cognate receptor CXCR4 induces cell migration. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis promotes cell survival and proliferation and may contribute to the tropism of leukemia cells towards lymphoid tissues and bone marrow. Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting CXCR4 with an IgG1 antibody, PF-06747143, may constitute an effective therapeutic approach for CLL.MethodsPatient-derived primary CLL-B cells were assessed for cytotoxicity in an in vitro model of CLL microenvironment. PF-06747143 was analyzed for cell death induction and for its potential to interfere with the chemokine CXCL12-induced mechanisms, including migration and F-actin polymerization. PF-06747143 in vivo efficacy was determined in a CLL murine xenograft tumor model.ResultsPF-06747143, a novel-humanized IgG1 CXCR4 antagonist antibody, induced cell death of patient-derived primary CLL-B cells, in presence or absence of stromal cells. Moreover, cell death induction by the antibody was independent of CLL high-risk prognostic markers. The cell death mechanism was dependent on CXCR4 expression, required antibody bivalency, involved reactive oxygen species production, and did not require caspase activation, all characteristics reminiscent of programmed cell death (PCD). PF-06747143 also induced potent B-CLL cytotoxicity via Fc-driven antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity activity (CDC). PF-06747143 had significant combinatorial effect with standard of care (SOC) agents in B-CLL treatment, including rituximab, fludarabine (F-ara-A), ibrutinib, and bendamustine. In a CLL xenograft model, PF-06747143 decreased tumor burden and improved survival as a monotherapy, and in combination with bendamustine.ConclusionsWe show evidence that PF-06747143 has biological activity in CLL primary cells, supporting a rationale for evaluation of PF-06747143 for the treatment of CLL patients
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