Role of HIF-1, Siah-1 and SKN-1 in Inducing Adiposity for Caenorhabditis elegans under Hypoxic Conditions

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia has been shown to be able to induce adiposity. However, the mechanism and factors involved in this effect still remains unclear. Hence, we sought to investigate the role of oxygensensitive factors regarding hypoxia-induced adiposity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.METHODS: The C. elegans were grown on nematode growth medium (NGM) agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli OP50 at 20°C. The ratio of width/body length was measured using the morphometry analysis. Fat accumulation was examined using Sudan Black methods. Protein levels of sterol binding protein (SBP)-1 were assessed by immunoblotting. Lifespan assay was performed at 20°C and was monitored every two days.RESULTS: The results showed that of all mutant used, only hif-1 mutant which did not experience an increase in the ratio of width/body length (p>0.05) and fat accumulation (p>0.05), indicating that hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced adiposity. Both siah-1 and skn-1 mutants experienced SBP-1 protein elevation (p0.05) further supporting that HIF-1 acts as an upstream regulator fromSBP-1.CONCLUSION: In general, the results of this study provide evidences of the involvement of the transcription factor HIF-1 in inducing adiposity under the hypoxic conditions. However, we did not find the involvement of seven in absentia homolog-1 (Siah-1) and skinhead-1 (SKN-1).KEYWORDS: hypoxia, adiposity, fat, HIF-1, Siah-1, SKN-1, C. elegan

PELATIHAN FISIK SEDANG MENINGKATKAN KADAR VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR DAN STROMAL CELL-DERIVED FACTOR-1 SERUM

Moderate Physical Exercise Increases Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Level Physical exercise affects many systems in the body that play a role in maintaining physical fitness and slowing down the aging process. This study aimed to identity VEGF and SDF-1 as the mechanism of exercise-related anti-aging therapy. This study was a randomized pretest-posttest control group design study, using 24 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male, 2.5-3 months old, weighing 180-200 g, and healthy. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 12). The control group was a sedentary lifestyle-treated group (P0) and the treatment group was subjected to moderate physical exercise for 4 weeks (P1). Both VEGF and SDF-1 levels were examined using the ELISA method. The results showed that moderate physical exercise increased VEGF (43.88 ± 6.24 to 69.80 ± 10.04 pg mL-1; p< 0.001) and SDF-1 (1.82±0.17 to 3.81±0.39 ng mL-1; p< 0.001) levels significantly. This study, therefore, suggested the possibility of VEGF and SDF-1 as a mediator of moderate physical exercise-induced anti-aging effect. Pelatihan fisik mempengaruhi berbagai sistem dalam tubuh yang berperan mempertahankan kebugaran fisik dan memperlambat proses penuaan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dan stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) menurun seiring dengan penuaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan bahwa pelatihan fisik sedang meningkatkan kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 sebagai salah satu mekanisme penghambat proses penuaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan randomized pre-post test control group design dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan sehat dengan umur 2,5 - 3 bulan, berat badan 180 -200 g yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok (n= 12 ekor). Kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan atau sedentary lifestyle (P0) dan kelompok perlakuan diberi pelatihan fisik sedang selama 4 minggu (P1).  Kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 diperiksa menggunakan ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan fisik sedang meningkatkan kadar VEGF (43,88±6,24 menjadi 69,80 ± 10,04 pg mL-1; p<0,001) dan SDF-1 (1,82 ± 0,17 to 3,81±0,39 ng mL-1; p< 0,001). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemungkinan VEGF dan SDF-1 sebagai mediator efek yang memperlambat penuaan. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara peningkatan kadar VEGF dan SDF-1 dengan fenotip penuaan

The Effect of Problem Solving Method vs Brainstorming Method and Learning Motivation towards Learning Outcomes in Science

Learning outcomes is one of the most important aspect of learning variables. Learning outcomes are influenced by condition of learning and learning methods. Problem solving method and brainstorming method can be used to improve learning outcomes. Object of this research is 50 students of PGSD FKIP UNDANA, which is divided into 2 groups with 25 students in each class. The first class used problem solving method, and the other used brainstorming method. Both methods are connected to learning motivation to asses learning outcomes of science subject. This research uses factorial design which is factorial 2x2 with random assignment to treatment. Research instrument was used to measure learning outcomes which are pre and posttest, questionare was used to measure motivation and learning outcomes of analysis and understanding science concepts with hypothesis that used 2 ways anova. The results show that; there is a difference in learning outcomes between problem solving method and brainstorming method with F 27.071 with (sig).000p. 0.05. There is also difference in learning outcomes of student with high and low motivation with F 75.389 with (sig).000p. 0.0.05. This research also found that learning outcomes are affected by learning method and learning motivation (.039 0.05)

Status, Trends, and Potentials of Turtle Conservation in Bali: A Mini Review

Sea turtles in Bali has been exploited excessively, which caused decrease in population, and this issue has placed sea turtles threatened to extinction. This review article aimed to provide information regarding the status, trends, and potential of sea turtles in Bali. Information given in this article is vital to ensure reliable knowledge not to only understand our current situation, but also to increase efficiency in reliant to the problem sea turtles face. The literature study method is used to write this review paper, namely by accessing a number of research paper published nationally and internationally. It was explained that the status of sea turtles is known to be endangered and law enforcement is not sufficient overcoming the problem. Conservation trends such as nurturing hatchlings have shown to not only help restore the population of sea turtles, but also to bring economic benefits to the conservation sites and the people. Potentials of ecotourism and DNA Barcoding has shown to be effective to benefit the people economically and increase the efficiency of law enforcement and conservation. Solutions and methods of improvement such as ecotourism and DNA Barcoding explained in this article is practical for Bali to adapt, so that sea turtle conservation is capable to overcome its status and incline to its potential

Analisis dan Perbaikan Proses Bisnis Sistem Terintegrasi Pembayaran Uang Kuliah dengan Metode Business Process Improvement (BPI) pada Universitas X

Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, peran teknologi semakin berkembang pesat. Penerapan Sistem Terintegrasi Pembayaran Uang Kuliah telah membantu pengelolaan kampus yang terintegrasi. Namun, pada penerapan Sistem Terintegrasi Pembayaran Uang Kuliah ditemukan beberapa proses yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa proses bisnis belum memiliki tujuan untuk mengefektifkan, mengefisienkan, serta mudah diadaptasikan dengan proses-proses lain dalam sistem. Perlu adanya perbaikan sistem serta proses bisnis yang menghasilkan proses bisnis rekomendasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Sebuah metode evaluasi diperlukan dalam analisa pemodelan proses bisnis pada suatu organisasi untuk membantu proses perbaikan pada organisasi tersebut. Business Process Improvement (BPI) merupakan salah satu metode yang diterapkan untuk melaksanakan Continuous Improvement. BPI dapat diartikan sebagai kerangka sistematis yang memiliki tujuan untuk membantu mewujudkan kemajuan yang signifikan dalam berjalannya proses bisnis pada suatu organisasi. Penerapan Metode BPI dalam dalam menganalisa proses bisnis menghasilkan proses bisnis kritis, yaitu Proses Bisnis Manajemen Laporan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi proses bisnis dengan waktu rata-rata untuk menjalankan proses yang lebih singkat dibandingkan proses bisnis saat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Penerapan rekomendasi proses bisnis tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadikan kinerja Sistem Terintegrasi Pembayaran Uang Kuliah lebih optimal dan efektif.Abstract Over the past few years, the role of technology has grown rapidly. The implementation of the Integrated Tuition Payment System has helped the integrated campus management. However, in the implementation of the Integrated Tuition Payment System, several processes were found that were not as expected. This is because some business processes do not yet have a goal to make it more effective, efficient, and easily adapted to other processes in the system. It is necessary to improve systems and business processes that produce business process recommendations to solve these problems. An evaluation method is needed in the analysis of business process modeling in an organization to assist the improvement process in the organization. Business Process Improvement (BPI) is one of the methods applied to implement Continuous Improvement. BPI can be interpreted as a systematic framework that has the aim of helping to realize significant progress in the running of business processes in an organization. The application of the BPI method in analyzing business processes produces critical business processes, namely Business Process Management Reports. This research produces business process recommendations with an average time to run processes that are shorter than current business processes and according to user needs. The application of these business process recommendations is expected to make the performance of the Integrated Tuition Payment System more optimal and effective

Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidant Effects of Blumea balsamifera L. Leaf Extracts to Maintain Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Rats Induced by High-Cholesterol Diets

BACKGROUND: The discovery of herbal ingredients for antihypercholesterolemic and to improve male reproductive function is very necessary due to high-cholesterol diet factors. Blumea balsamifera leaf extract (BBLE) is known to be able to increase the number and diameter of Leydig cells in rats given high-fat feed. This study was to conducted to determine the levels of total cholesterol, body weight, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in high-cholesterol-fed male rats provided with BBLE.METHODS: This research utilized a randomized post-test only control group. Ethanol was used to extract the BBLE, which was then evaporated. For 21 days, 16 Wistar rats were given a high-cholesterol diet. To determine the effect of BBLE on the high-cholesterol diet, the samples were divided into two groups (control and BBLE group) on day 22. The treatments lasted 30 days. SOD, plasma MDA, LH, and total cholesterol were measured.RESULTS: The results showed that the SOD and LH parameters were significantly higher in the treatment of BBLE compared to the control group (p<0.05). The parameters of total cholesterol levels, bodyweight, and MDA of rats given BBLE were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that BBLE has antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects. The BBLE also has potential to be used as a therapy to maintain male reproductive function because it has a positive effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through increasing LH secretion.KEYWORDS: Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Luteinizing hormone, Blumea balsamifera extract, High-cholesterol die