Tidal Tails and Galaxy Evolution

We review recent results on the tidal structures of spiral galaxies. Topics included are general characteristics of tails; kinematics of tidal structures and dark haloes of host galaxies; frequency of tidal distortions at z~1.Comment: 5 pages, "Morphology and Dynamics of Stellar Systems: Star Clusters, Galactic Arms and Rings", Proc. JENAM-2000, in pres

New insights from old cosmic rays: A novel analysis of archival KASCADE data

Cosmic ray data collected by the KASCADE air shower experiment are competitive in terms of quality and statistics with those of modern observatories. We present a novel mass composition analysis based on archival data acquired from 1998 to 2013 provided by the KASCADE Cosmic ray Data Center (KCDC). The analysis is based on modern machine learning techniques trained on simulation data provided by KCDC. We present spectra for individual groups of primary nuclei, the results of a search for anisotropies in the event arrival directions taking mass composition into account, and search for gamma-ray candidates in the PeV energy domain.Comment: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021), 12-23 July 2021, Berlin, Germany - Onlin

MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF APATITE-FLUORITE ROCKS OF THE BURPALA MASSIF IN THE NORTHERN BAIKAL REGION

The Burpala massif located in the Northern Baikal region contains ore-bearing pegmatites, carbonatites and apatite-fluorite rocks with Zr-Nb-REE-rare-metal mineralization. Considering their petrological, geochemical, geological and thermobarochemical features, it was established that apatite-fluorite rocks were formed from a residual fluid melt containing minor CO2, increased P2O5 and F. Apatite-fluorite rocks of the Burpala massif are similar to the foscorite formations of most carbonatite complexes distinguished by the presence of fluorite.The mineral composition of these rocks was for the first time studied in details. In addition to apatite and fluorite, the following minerals are present: zircon, baddeleyite, barite-celeistine, barite, thorianite, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, biotite, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, as well as rare minerals with high Ta, Nb and Pb content

SOURCES AND MECHANISMS OF FORMATION OF ALKALINE RARE-METAL GRANITES AT THE ZASHIKHINSKY MASSIF BASED ON GEOCHEMICAL AND Nd ISOTOPE DATA

The intraplate alkaline-granite magmatism essentially contributes to formation of rare-metal strategic raw materials. In the Major Sayan Fault of the East Sayan Mountains, the rocks of the Zashikhinsky (Pz3) massif were studied through the isotope-geochemical analysis to identify probable sources of alkaline-granite magma and mechanisms of their evolution resulting in ore accumulations, up to the formation of Nb-Ta deposits. The Nd isotopic characteristics of its alkaline granites were obtained for the first time. Together with the results of mineralogical and geochemical studies, they were applied for modeling its formation, in which crystallization differentiation of alkaline granite melts proceeds simultaneously with their assimilation of the enclosing granite-metamorphic formations

FEATURES OF MONOCYTE POLARIZATION AT DIFFERENT OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

Currently, in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage, a special role is given to immunological factors, in particular the role of innate immunity. The aim of the study was to assess the relative content of monocytes in the peripheral blood producing IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, as well as to identify new criteria for predicting the outcome of pregnancy in women with the threat of early termination and recurrent miscarriage. Materials and methods. 88 pregnant women at 5-12 weeks’ gestation were examined, the main group consisted of 59 women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage at the time of the study, the control group – 29 women with uncomplicated pregnancy without recurrent miscarriage. The main group, depending on the outcomes of pregnancy, was subdivided into subgroups: subgroup I – 42 women whose pregnancy ended in timely delivery, subgroup II – 8 women with preterm labor, subgroup III – 9 women with abortion up to 22 weeks (spontaneous miscarriage and non-developing pregnancy). In the control group, all women had a timely delivery. Research material – peripheral venous blood. The relative content of IL-4+, IL-6+, IL-10+, IFNγ+ monocytes was assessed on a FACSCanto II flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies. Statistical data processing was carried out using a package of standard applied programs. Results. In the group of women with recurrent miscarriage and threatened miscarriage, the relative content of IL-10+ and IL-4+ monocytes was reduced and the content of IL-6+ monocytes was increased compared to the control group (p = 0.0001 in all cases). There were no statistically significant differences in the content of IFNγ+ monocytes in the compared groups (p = 0.069). With a relative content of IL-4+ monocytes equal to 26.7% or less, preterm labor is predicted. With a relative content of IL-10+ monocytes equal to 27.0% or less, abortion (spontaneous miscarriage or miscarriage) is predicted in gestational age up to 22 weeks. An increase in the ratio of IFNγ+/ IL-4+, IFNγ+/IL-10+, IL-6+/IL-4+, IL-6+/IL-10+ monocytes was found in the main group (p < 0.0001 in all cases ). Conclusions. In women with recurrent miscarriage in all subgroups, the level of M1 monocytes prevailed over the level of M2 monocytes. The data obtained allowed the development of new prognostic criteria for termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks and premature birth

REGULATION OF PERIPHERAL B-LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE

The important role of immune disorders in recurrent miscarriage has been proven. Clarification of the character of B-lymphocyte differentiation and its regulation factors in women with threatened miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage in history is an urgent problem, since it will reveal the immune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this pathology. Purpose: to establish the features of B-lymphocyte differentiation and factors of its regulation in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and threatening spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination.Were examined pregnant women aged 18-40 years at a gestation period of 5-12 weeks. The main group consisted of 60 pregnant women with a threatening spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination and a history of recurrent miscarriage. As a control, 35 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancy were examined. The comparison group consisted of 25 primary pregnant women with threatened spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination. The material for the study was peripheral venous blood. Subpopulations of B-lymphocytes CD19+, CD19+ IgD+, CD20+IgM+, CD20+IgG+ were determined by flow cytometry; CD19+CD20- CD38+, CD19+CD27- , CD19+CD27+. Serum levels of BAFF and APRIL were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In the main group, an increase in the proportion of B-cells, CD20+IgM+-lymphocytes and memory cells was recorded in the peripheral blood, along with a decrease in the level of naive cells and plasma cells. In the comparison group, an increase in the proportion of immature IgM+B-cells, circulating memory cells, along with a decrease in naive B-lymphocytes, was registered. in the main group there was a pronounced decrease in the serum BAFF level compared with the control and comparison groups. Analysis of the APRIL content showed a pronounced downward trend in groups with threatened miscarriage relative to healthy pregnant women. Thus, threatening habitual and sporadic miscarriages were associated with a shift in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes towards immature forms and a lack of regulatory influence of BAFF and APRIL, which is reflected in the disruption of B-cell homeostasis and weakening of humoral effector mechanisms at the systemic level. The revealed changes may indicate a single mechanism for the development of a threatening spontaneous miscarriage, the severity of which increases with repeated loss of pregnancy. These changes can lead to an increase in effector cytotoxic mechanisms and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, which can lead to the development of damaging reactions in the fetoplacental complex, which can be reflected in the clinical picture of the threat of termination of pregnancy

ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ, ЩО ПОВ’ЯЗАНА ЗІ ЗДОРОВ’ЯМ УЧНІВ БАЗОВОЇ ШКОЛИ ЗА УМОВ ОБМЕЖЕНОЇ ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТА СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ

Purpose: to determine health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children of secondary school age associated with health under the limited physical and social activity. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out anonymously and remotely among 468 students (217 boys and 251 girls aged 10–16). We used a questionnaire developed by the Institute of health of Children and Adolescents of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Statistical data processing was carried out using the licensed SPSS Statistic v. 20. Results. In general, physical well-being is not much higher than social and psychological. Girls are characterized by higher indices of HRQL on the physical scale, social and family functioning. The year of schooling and the age of the pupils has had a significant impact on physical, school and family functioning, and the teaching staff on the level of physical and school functioning, as well as mental well-being. A strong direct correlation was established between indicators of physical and family functioning, general health and mental well-being, emotional and school functioning, as well as a direct correlation of average strength between physical and emotional and school functioning role, mental well-being and emotional and school role-playing (p <0.01). The negative effect of physical activity was deepened by the forced increase in the time spent with gadgets and computers. Pupils, who usually lead a physically active lifestyle, were especially “affected”, and the HRQL in terms of general health, mental well-being and social functioning was almost directly proportional to the initial level of physical activity during the “pre-quarantine” period. Conclusions. Health-related quality of life testified to its greatest disruption among creative and athletic students, because on the one hand they have an accumulated reserve of physical health, and on the other hand deviations from their “norm of life” can be a “trigger” of physical and psycho-emotional disorders.Мета: визначити особливості якості життя дітей середнього шкільного віку, що пов’язані зі здоров’ям за умов обмеження фізичної та соціальної активності. Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведено анонімно та дистанційно серед 468 учнів (у тому числі 217 хлопців та 251 дівчина віком 10–16 років) за допомогою анкети, розробленої ДУ «Інститут охорони здоровʼя дітей та підлітків НАМН України». Статистичну обробку даних проведено з використанням ліцензованого пакета SPSS Statistics v. 20. Результати. У цілому для дітей середнього шкільного віку фізичне благополуччя мало вищі показники, ніж соціальне та психологічне. Для дівчат характерні більш високі показники ЯЖПЗ за шкалами рольового фізичного, соціального та родинного функціонування. Рік навчання та вік учнів мав суттєвий вплив на фізичне, шкільне та родинне функціонування, а навчальний колектив – на рівень фізичного та шкільного функціонування, а також психічне благополуччя. Встановлено сильний прямий кореляційний зв’язок між показниками фізичного та родинного функціонування, загальним здоров’ям та психічним благополуччям, рольовим емоційним та шкільним функціонуванням, а також прямий кореляційний зв’язок середньої сили між рольовим фізичним та рольовим емоційним і шкільним функціонуванням, психічним благополуччям та рольовим емоційним і шкільним функціонуванням (p<0,01). Негативний ефект від зниження фізичної активності поглиблювався вимушеним зростанням часу проведення з ґаджетами та комп’ютерами. Особливо «постраждали» учні, які зазвичай ведуть фізично активний спосіб життя, а ЯЖПЗ за показниками загального здоров’я, психічного благополуччя та соціального функціонування майже прямо пропорційно залежала від вихідного рівня фізичної активності у «докарантинний» період. Висновки. Якість життя, що пов’язана зі здоров’ям, як один із критеріїв шкільної адаптації свідчить про її найбільший зрив серед творчо та спортивно здібних учнів, тобто, з одного боку, вони мають накопичений резерв фізичного здоров’я, а з іншого – відхилення від їх «норми життя», що може бути «пусковим механізмом» порушення фізичного та психоемоційного стану

Закупка научного оборудования из средств грантов для центров коллективного пользования и уникальных научных установок

This study is devoted to identifying typical problems in the field of scientific equipment procurement in the interests of core shared research facilities and large-scale research facilities and developing approaches to their solution. The paper provides an analysis on the practice of purchasing scientific equipment, conducted on the basis of statistical data obtained from representatives of core shared research facilities and large-scale research facilities that received governmental support in 2019–2021, as well as on the data of a sociological survey. As a result, the hypotheses put forward by the authors about the predominance of foreign-made scientific equipment in the procurement structure, about the decrease in the average cost of purchased equipment in 2019–2021, about the presence of significant unevenness of scientific equipment by subclasses in the procurement structure of scientific equipment, about the presence of similar organizational problems in the field of procurement of scientific equipment. The article suggests a number of approaches to solving the identified problems arising from the formulations of 4 proven hypotheses.Настоящее исследование посвящено выявлению типовых проблем в области организации закупок научного оборудования в интересах центров коллективного пользования и уникальных научных установок, и разработке подходов к их решению. В работе дается анализ практики закупки научного оборудования, проведенный на основе статистических данных, полученных от представителей центров коллективного пользования и уникальных научных установок, получивших государственную поддержку в 2019–2021 гг., а также на данных социологического опроса. В результате нашли свое подтверждение выдвинутые авторами гипотезы о преобладании в структуре закупок научного оборудования иностранного производства, снижении средней стоимости закупленного оборудования в 2019–2021 гг., наличии значимой неравномерности по подклассам научного оборудования в структуре закупок научного оборудования, наличии однотипных проблем организационного характера в области организации закупок научного оборудования. В статье предложен ряд подходов к решению выявленных проблем, вытекающих из формулировок 4 доказанных гипотез

ROLE OF CYTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PRETERM BIRTH

Currently, the existence of a wide range of subpopulations of CD8+T-lymphocytes has been revealed, among which there are subpopulations of naive and effector cells, as well as memory cells. CD8+T-lymphocytes are thought to be a population of lymphocytes with high cytotoxic activity, which is of extreme importance during pregnancy. Given that each subpopulation is characterized by a set of produced mediators, surface and intracellular markers, we can assume their role in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. This determined the need to investigate the role of naive cells, effector cells, and memory cells in the development of spontaneous preterm birth. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. It was found that the infiltration of CD8+-lymphocytes in the area of uteroplacental contact was associated with the development of timely delivery. Chronic chorioamnionitis is the most common condition in idiopathic preterm birth and is characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8+Tcells into the chorioamniotic membranes. Currently, it is believed that chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta represent maternal antifetal rejection. This led to the study of the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Purpose. To establish a possible pathogenetic mechanism of preterm birth in women with threatened preterm birth on the basis of the revealed features of differentiation and functional activity of CD8+- lymphocytes at the systemic levelMaterials and methods. The survey of women was carried out on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. A total of 126 women were examined, which were retrospectively divided into 2 main groups – women with threatened preterm birth(n = 68), which was divided into 2 subgroups – with the outcome of pregnancy preterm birth (n = 30) and timely delivery (n = 38). The control group included 58 women with uncomplicated pregnancy and who gave birth on time. In the CD8+-lymphocyte population, the content of central – Tcm (CD45RACD62L+), preterminally differentiated-Tem (CD45RACD62L- ) and terminally differentiated-Temra (CD45RA+CD62L- ) memory cells was determined. In all memory cell populations, the content of cells producing Granzyme B intracellularly was determined. The studies were performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAT) by flow cytometry on a FACSCanto II cytometer using the FACSDiva software (Becton Dickinson, USA).The analysis of the features of the relative content of CD8+-lymphocytes in the main group of women, depending on the outcome of pregnancy, was carried out. When comparing patients with a clinic of threatened preterm birth, whose pregnancy ended prematurely, a higher content of CD8+-lymphocytes was revealed than in group c of women who gave birth in a timely manner, which indicates a high stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in this group of women. With threatening preterm birth, there is an increase in the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Data on the content of naive CD8+-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of women with threatened preterm birth are practically absent. The increase in CD8+Tn levels is more pronounced in the subgroup of women with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Given this fact, it can be assumed that in women with preterm birth, a lower CD8+Tn is associated with their increased differentiation into effector T-lymphocytes with their subsequent migration to the placental zone. This process could determine the observed decrease in the level of terminally differentiated granzyme-producing CD8+-lymphocytes in a subgroup of women with a pregnancy outcome of preterm birth, which coincided with the literature data

Radical surgery on the middle ear in the treatment of cholesteatoma: history or reality? A review

Radical surgery on the middle ear is primarily associated with such pathology as cholesteatoma and ear neoplasms. And if in the case of tumors radicalism in ear surgery is justified, then in the surgery of the cholesteatomic process there is a need to discuss this issue. The existence of acquired cholesteatoma was recognized more than three centuries ago. Without timely detection and intervention, cholesteatomas can increase to gigantic sizes and lead to numerous intracranial and extracranial complications. Due to its aggressive growth, invasive nature and potentially fatal consequences of intracranial complications, acquired cholesteatoma remains the cause of morbidity and death in those who do not have access to advanced medical care. Currently, there are no effective non-surgical methods of treatment. The article provides a brief overview of the main issues related to acquired middle ear cholesteatoma, and discusses the practica