FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTIVE REACTIONS IN LEGUMINOUS CROP VARIETIES WITH RECESSIVE ALLELES OF GENES

Researches were carried out on varieties, hybrids, isogenic lines and mutants of peas of various use developed from the beginning of the 1980s up to 2013. Experimental material was investigated under field conditions in the collection, hybridization and breeding nurseries as well as in the process of competitive variety testing in Orel Province. It is shown that one or several recessive alleles of the genes introduced into the genotypes of new varieties of grain, fodder and vegetable peas, blue lupin and soybean can influence the changees in a great number of morphological and physiological parameters determining plant growth, development and also characteristics in the system of yield formation. Reduction of leaf area in leafless pea varieties and lupin varietitts with limited branching is connected with the weakening of root system growth, which is caused by trophic interaction between these organs

Results of Monitoring over the West Nile Fever Pathogen in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2017. Forecast of Epidemic Situation Development in Russia in 2018

In Europe, in the epidemic season 2017, the incidence of West Nile fever did not exceed the index of the previous season. In the US and Canada, there was an increase in the incidence of cases. West Nile fever morbidity rates in the Russian Federation and in separate constituent entities were below the average long-term index and had the lowest value for the period since 2008. 41.6 % of WNF cases were imported to Russia from the distant countries. Analysis of the monitoring results indicated the circulation of WNF virus markers in carriers of the pathogen in 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and the presence of IgG antibodies in healthy population cohorts in 24 RF entities. According to molecular-genetic typing of WNF virus samples from mosquito Culex modestus from the Volgograd Region, WNF virus genotype II was established. Forecasting of epidemiological situation development for the year 2018 does not rule out the possibility of local increase in WNF incidence in certain regions of Russia

Peculiarities of the Epidemic Situation on West Nile Fever in the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2018 and Forecast of its Development in 2019

The epidemic rise in the incidence of West Nile fever (WNF) in the season of 2018 was observed in the countries of the European Union (EU) and bordering states and exceeded the values of all previously recorded epidemic rises of 2010–2012. An increase in the incidence rate was registered in the USA and Canada, however, it did not exceed the indicators of epidemic rises of 2007–2012. In the territory of the Russian Federation, the WNF epidemiological process became more intense mainly in the territory of the Southern and North Caucasian Federal Districts. In general, in Russia, the incidence rates were 2 times lower than the average annual rates, but significantly exceeded those of 2017. The epidemic process had a number of peculiarities in the seasonality, the structure of morbidity and the clinical manifestation of WNF. Genotyping of the isolated WNV RNA fragments from clinical and biological material showed that I, II and IV West Nile virus genotypes were circulating in the European part of Russia. Forecast of epidemic situation development in 2019 reveals further increase in the incidence and does not exclude the possibility of a significant localincrease of WNF incidence in certain regions of Russia

Факторы риска и математическая модель осложненного течения беременности на основании интегративного анализа

Objective: To identify additional  risk factors  of   complicated  pregnancy  and to  develop  a mathematical model for prognosing   the course  of gestation  using integrative  analysis.Materials  and  methods.  We  carried   out  a  prospective   parallel  group  study  of  240 women  with  low perinatal risk in the  first and second trimesters  of pregnancy.  To  study  the  psycho-emotional state  and personality characteristics of pregnant  women, we used the SF-36 questionnaire, Osgood’s Semantic differential,  G.  Eysenck’s   self-assessment  personality test  and  the  Big five questionnaire proposed   by R. McCrae  and P. Costa. To assess the impact  of the environment  on pregnancy,  a questionnaire “Degree of satisfaction  with the urban  environment”  composed  by   Yu.Kataeva was used.Results. We established  additional  criteria for  predicting  the  course  of gestation.  In  the  first  trimester they were restrictions of everyday functions due to painful manifestations  and signs of early toxicosis, poor health,  bad mood,  high levels of anxiety,  difficulty in being flexible in new life conditions  and a tendency to react  aggressively. In the second trimester they experienced  painful conditions,  mood swings, preferring seclusion to  relationships  and lack of satisfaction  with the  quality  of the  urban  environment.  During the interpretation of the  study  results  we identified  additional  prognostic  factors  of the  unfavorable  course of pregnancy,  which allow us to develop targeted programs  for medical and psychological  support  during pregnancy. Conclusion. We investigated  the  interrelations between  the  most  important factors  affecting  the  normal course  of pregnancy,  childbirth and the condition  of the newborn.  This study will allow us to predict  the course  of pregnancy  and elicit  additional  criteria to  form  groups  with  increased  obstetric and perinatal risks.  We  also  designed  a  mathematical model  for  prognosing  the  course  of  gestation  that  takes  into account  the identified additional  criteria.Цель работы: выявить дополнительные  факторы  риска  осложненного течения  беременности  и разработать  математическую  модель  прогнозирования течения  гестационного процесса  на основании комплексного  подхода.Материалы и  методы. Проведено   простое  проспективное  исследование   в  параллельных   группах 240 женщин низкой степени перинатального риска в I и II триместрах  беременности.  Для исследования психоэмоционального состояния и личностных особенностей  беременных женщин использовали опросник  «Качество  жизни»  SF-36, Семантический  дифференциал Ч. Осгуд, методику «Самооценка психических  состояний»  Г. Айзенка,  Пятифакторный личностный  опросник  (Big five) Р. МакКрае и П. Коста.  Для оценки влияния  окружающей  среды   использовали  анкету  изучения  степени  удовлетворенности городской  средой Ю.В. Катаевой.Результаты. Установлены  дополнительные   критерии  для  прогнозирования течения  гестационного процесса. Для I триместра такими факторами оказались:  наличие ограничений в выполнении повседневных ролевых функций  вследствие болезненных  проявлений  и признаков  раннего токсикоза, плохое самочувствие,  пониженное  настроение,  высокая  тревожность, трудность  к гибкому  поведению в новых  жизненных  условиях  и тенденция  к использованию  агрессивных  способов  реагирования. Для II триместра:  наличие ощущений болезненного состояния, склонность  к быстрой смене настроения,  предпочтение  уединения  близким  отношениям  и неудовлетворенность качеством  городской среды. Заключение. Изучение  взаимосвязи и установление  наиболее  важных  факторов, влияющих на процессы  нормального  течения  беременности,  родов  и состояние  новорожденного, позволяет   разрабатывать  дополнительные   критерии  для  формирования групп  повышенного  акушерского   и перинатального  риска и прогнозировать течение беременности.  Разработана математическая модель прогнозирования течения  гестационного процесса,  учитывающая выявленные дополнительные  критерии

Cytoskeletal protein kinases: titin and its relations in mechanosensing

Titin, the giant elastic ruler protein of striated muscle sarcomeres, contains a catalytic kinase domain related to a family of intrasterically regulated protein kinases. The most extensively studied member of this branch of the human kinome is the Ca2+–calmodulin (CaM)-regulated myosin light-chain kinases (MLCK). However, not all kinases of the MLCK branch are functional MLCKs, and about half lack a CaM binding site in their C-terminal autoinhibitory tail (AI). A unifying feature is their association with the cytoskeleton, mostly via actin and myosin filaments. Titin kinase, similar to its invertebrate analogue twitchin kinase and likely other “MLCKs”, is not Ca2+–calmodulin-activated. Recently, local protein unfolding of the C-terminal AI has emerged as a common mechanism in the activation of CaM kinases. Single-molecule data suggested that opening of the TK active site could also be achieved by mechanical unfolding of the AI. Mechanical modulation of catalytic activity might thus allow cytoskeletal signalling proteins to act as mechanosensors, creating feedback mechanisms between cytoskeletal tension and tension generation or cellular remodelling. Similar to other MLCK-like kinases like DRAK2 and DAPK1, TK is linked to protein turnover regulation via the autophagy/lysosomal system, suggesting the MLCK-like kinases have common functions beyond contraction regulation

Different Localizations and Cellular Behaviors of Leiomodin and Tropomodulin in Mature Cardiomyocyte Sarcomeres

Lmod is a muscle-specific actin nucleator that displays structural similarity to the filament pointed-end–capping protein, Tmod. The mechanisms of localizations of Lmod and Tmod in muscle sarcomeres are strikingly different. Lmod contributes to the organization of mature myofibrils through a mechanism that requires interaction with tropomyosin

Влияние фазового состава и локальной кристаллической структуры на транспортные свойства твердых растворов ZrO2—Y2O3 и ZrO2—Gd2O3

Abstract. The results of investigation of crystal structure, ion conductivity and local structure of solid solutions (ZrO2)1−x(Gd2O3)x and (ZrO2)1−x(Y2O3)x (x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14). The crystals were grown by directional crystallization of the melt in a cold container. The phase composition of the crystals was studied by X−ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Transport characteristics were studied by impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 400—900 °C. The local crystal structure was studied by optical spectroscopy. Eu3+ ions were used as a spectroscopic probe. The results of the study of the local structure of solid solutions of ZrO2—Y2O3 and ZrO2—Gd2O3 systems revealed the peculiarities of the formation of optical centers, which reflect the nature of the localization of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice depending on the stabilizing oxide concentration. It is established that the local crystal environment of Eu3+ Ions in solid solutions (ZrO2)1−x(Y2O3)x and (ZrO2)1−x(Gd2O3)x is determined by the stabilizing oxide concentration and practically does not depend on the type of stabilizing oxide (Y2O3 or Gd2O3). The maximum conductivity at 900 °C was observed in crystals containing 10 mol.% Gd2O3 and 8 mol.% Y2O3. These compositions correspond to the t′′−phase and are close to the boundary between the regions of the cubic and tetragonal phases. It was found that in the system ZrO2—Y2O3 stabilization of the highly symmetric phase occurs at a lower stabilizing oxide concentration than in the system ZrO2—Gd2O3. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude that in this range of compositions the main influence on the concentration dependence of the ion conductivity has a phase composition, rather than the nature of the localization of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice.Аннотация. Приведены результаты исследования кристаллической структуры, ионной проводимости и локальной структуры твердых растворов (ZrO2)1−х(Gd2O3)х и (ZrO2)1−х(Y2O3)х при (x = 0,04, 0,08, 0,10, 0,12, 0,14). Кристаллы выращивали методом направленной кристаллизации расплава в холодном контейнере. Исследования фазового состава кристаллов проводили методом рентгеновской дифрактометрии и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Транспортные характеристики изучали методом импедансной спектроскопии в температурном диапазоне 400—900 °С. Исследование локальной структуры кристаллов выполняли методом оптической спектроскопии. В качестве спектроскопического зонда использовали ионы Eu3+. В результате исследования локальной структуры твердых растворов систем ZrO2—Y2O3 и ZrO2—Gd2O3 выявлены особенности формирования оптических центров, которые отражают характер локализации кислородных вакансий в кристаллической решетке в зависимости от концентрации стабилизирующего оксида. Установлено, что локальное кристаллическое окружение ионов Eu3+ в твердых растворах (ZrO2)1−х(Y2O3)х и (ZrO2)1−х(Gd2O3)х определяется концентрацией стабилизирующего оксида и практически не зависит в рассмотренном случае от вида стабилизирующего оксида (Y2O3 или Gd2O3). Максимальная проводимость при температуре 900 °С выявлена в кристаллах, содержащих 10 % (мол.) Gd2O3 и 8 % (мол.) Y2O3. Эти составы соответствуют t′′−фазе и близки к границе между областями кубической и тетрагональной фаз. Установлено, что в системе ZrO2—Y2O3 стабилизация высокосимметричной фазы происходит при меньшей концентрации стабилизирующего оксида, чем в системе ZrO2—Gd2O3. Анализ полученных данных позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в этом диапазоне составов основное влияние на концентрационную зависимость ионной проводимости оказывает фазовый состав, а не характер локализации кислородных вакансий в кристаллической решетке

Conformation-regulated mechanosensory control via titin domains in cardiac muscle

The giant filamentous protein titin is ideally positioned in the muscle sarcomere to sense mechanical stimuli and transform them into biochemical signals, such as those triggering cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we ponder the evidence for signaling hotspots along the titin filament involved in mechanosensory control mechanisms. On the way, we distinguish between stress and strain as triggers of mechanical signaling events at the cardiac sarcomere. Whereas the Z-disk and M-band regions of titin may be prominently involved in sensing mechanical stress, signaling hotspots within the elastic I-band titin segment may respond primarily to mechanical strain. Common to both stress and strain sensor elements is their regulation by conformational changes in protein domains

Genetic Characterization and Diversity of \u3ci\u3eRathayibacter toxicus\u3c/i\u3e

Rathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains into three genotypic groups corresponding to the same AFLP clusters. The similarity coefficient was 63 to 81% for XbaI and 79 to 84% for SpeI. AFLP and PFGE analyses exhibited an analogous level of discriminatory power and produced congruent results. PFGE analysis indicated that the R. toxicus genome was represented by a single linear chromosome, estimated to be 2.214 to 2.301 Mb. No plasmids were detected

Use of parenteral vitamin B complexes in treatment of polyneuropathy

The article considers the ethiological factors for the formation of such a widespread disease of the peripheral nervous system as polyneuropathy. The classification, modern approaches to the diagnosis of various types of diseases are presented. The authors emphasize on the therapeutic approaches to the treatment of such common forms as diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies. Particular attention is paid to the complex of B vitamins. The effectiveness and safety of the injectable form of vitamins for the therapy of polyneuropathies are demonstrated