VALIDATION OF SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE IN VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TRIPOLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: A simple and sensitive extractive visible spectrophotometric method is developed for the assay of triprolidine hydrochloride using sodium nitroprusside. Methods: Based on color development with amino groups, presence, which is basic, may be due to the formation of inner complex replacing H2O by the tertiary amino group present in the drug. Results: The colored products exhibit absorption λmax at 447 nm. Regression analysis of Beer–Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges (40–240) μg/ml and correlation coefficients are 0.994. The Sandell’s sensitivities 2.6373×10−2 (1 mole cm−1) and molar absorptivity value are 1.1938×104 (g cm−2). Recovery studies are found to be 99.708–99.786. Conclusion: The method can be applied successfully for the estimation of the drug in the presence of other ingredients that are usually present in formulations

Social Networks in Wild Asses: Comparing Patterns and Processes among Populations

Asiatic wild asses inhabit some of the most arid environments in the world. All live in fissionfusion societies, but demography varies and the deserts in which they live often differ in subtle ways. Characterizing details of social structure of wild ass populations has been a challenge and has made it difficult to determine causes and consequences of any differences that might exist. We use network theory to compare the social structures of two populations of Asiatic asses/ onagers inhabiting the Negev desert, Israel and khur of the Little Rann of Kuch, India and show that populations differ in important structural ways that represent adaptive responses to variations in ecological demographic and phenotypic circumstances. Our analyses show that onagers inhabiting more variable environments then khur also live in larger, more cohesive groups than khur. Presumably networks with this structure facilitate the spread of information and foster cooperation. We also show that demography matters since social fragmentation increases as populations grow. Increases in the number of components in populations, reductions in the number of associates and diminished cliquishness within components, appear to be adaptive responses to integrating increasing numbers of individuals into social networks. We also find some support for the idea that social connectedness varies with phenotype. In our larger populations, non-lactating females who are most challenged in finding sparse feeding sites, are more selective than lactating females in their choice of strong associates. Presumably networks with this structure enhance foraging success by increasing information flow among like-minded individuals. As our study demonstrates, network analysis facilitates testing predictions about the cause of social structure and its impact on transmission processes

Social Networks in Wild Asses: Comparing Patterns and Processes among Populations

Asiatic wild asses inhabit some of the most arid environments in the world. All live in fissionfusion societies, but demography varies and the deserts in which they live often differ in subtle ways. Characterizing details of social structure of wild ass populations has been a challenge and has made it difficult to determine causes and consequences of any differences that might exist. We use network theory to compare the social structures of two populations of Asiatic asses/ onagers inhabiting the Negev desert, Israel and khur of the Little Rann of Kuch, India and show that populations differ in important structural ways that represent adaptive responses to variations in ecological demographic and phenotypic circumstances. Our analyses show that onagers inhabiting more variable environments then khur also live in larger, more cohesive groups than khur. Presumably networks with this structure facilitate the spread of information and foster cooperation. We also show that demography matters since social fragmentation increases as populations grow. Increases in the number of components in populations, reductions in the number of associates and diminished cliquishness within components, appear to be adaptive responses to integrating increasing numbers of individuals into social networks. We also find some support for the idea that social connectedness varies with phenotype. In our larger populations, non-lactating females who are most challenged in finding sparse feeding sites, are more selective than lactating females in their choice of strong associates. Presumably networks with this structure enhance foraging success by increasing information flow among like-minded individuals. As our study demonstrates, network analysis facilitates testing predictions about the cause of social structure and its impact on transmission processes

Prediction of Foraging Strategy Through The Wing Morphology of Three Forest Fruit Bats

Wing morphology is an important indicator of the foraging ecology of bats, as they may constrain the foraging habitats bat can use, the types of food items that they can detect, and how those resources are perceived. The fruit eating bats differ from insect eating bats in their foraging patterns. Low aspect ratio, short wingspan and high wing loading in respect to that of the body size has provided them with commuting foraging flights covering wider area. Three of the megachiropterans species of the present study shown remarkable variation in their flight patterns depending on their wing morphology. But all of them show broad wing with high wing loading enabling them to attain a moderate flight speed which provide them sufficient foraging time and long-distance commuting flight. But they show variation in their wingspan, aspect ratio and wing tip length and wing tip shape. This variation helps each one of them to attain species-specific manoevrability flight in cluttered area, low cost of transport and agility. This variation in turn reflects their foraging pattern and selection of food items. The present study has made an attempt to focus on the variation in the wing morphology of three forest fruit and correlated with foraging strategy

Machining performance of ceramic tool inserts during dry turning of hardened steel

For effective dry turning of hardened steels, ceramic tool materials have long been utilized as an alternative to conventional tool materials. Therefore, the purpose of the current work is to investigate whether ceramic materials like alumina (Al2O3) are suitable for use as tool materials during the dry (without coolant) turning of hardened steels. In addition, while cutting EN 24 hardened steels, the performance of an alumina ceramic tool insert was compared to a commercial tool insert in the current work. On EN 24 steel samples, turning operations were performed utilizing both alumina ceramic tool inserts and commercial carbide tool inserts at different machining parameters such as speed, feed, and depth of cut. The turning performance of both alumina and commercial tool inserts was evaluated at various machining conditions based on abrasive wear (weight loss) of the tool inserts and the surface roughness of EN 24 machined samples. At all machining parameters, it was found that the abrasive wear of ceramic tool inserts was lower than the abrasive wear of commercial tool inserts. It is observed that, the surface roughness of EN 24 machined samples when machined with ceramic tool inserts was a little higher when compared with the surface roughness values of EN 24 machined samples which are machined with the commercial tool insert. The results of the experiment showed that ceramic cutting tools had comparable cutting performance to commercial cutting tools

STABILIZING SECURITY OF DISTRIBUTED DATA AMONG MULTIPLE USERS

Social networks comprise a significant feature permitting consumer prearranged in assemblage and raise concerns concerning the fortification about confidentiality. Several schemes of access control have been introduced to maintain specifications of fine-grained authorization intended for online social networks. Numerous networks are represented in communities and are developed within the characteristic organizational structures that are supposed to support the normal flow of work. In model of multiparty admission, online social network are depicted through an association system, a gathering of consumer data. Representation of multiparty access is put together for confining interior description of the needs of mutual approval which were not up to the point by surviving systems of access control as well as models for social networks. An admittance organizing method within multi-user surroundings similar to online social networking have to permit numerous managers, towards identifying admittance managing strategy

EFFECT OF FIBER VOLUME FRACTION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHEATH/USP COMPOSITE

ABSTRACT Natural fibers and their composites are the emerging trends in material science which are the replacements for the synthetic reinforcements. Because of their high specific strength and less processing requirements most of the plant based fibers are become center of research. This work used one of the novel reinforcements viz. "coconut sheath". This reinforcement is directly drawn from the bottom portions of the coconut tree followed by minimum pre-processing before being used. Fiber volume fraction (FVF) is one of the most important factor when composite is in concern. The optimal level of reinforcement only can exhibit good bearing property. In this work, there four different fiber volumes were practiced in order to find the optimal fiber volume fraction. Density and hardness were taken as a measure for rheological properties, where flexural, ILSS and impact tests for mechanical properties. Result shows that, the trend in all the properties increased as a function of increase in fiber volume fraction except for impact strength