Ground displacement trends in an urban environment using multi-temporal inSAR analysis and two decades of multi-sensor satellite-based SAR imagery

This exploratory research used three sets of single polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data and a multi-temporal radar interferometry (InSAR) methodology to determine the spatial evolution and ground displacement trends of several industrial parks located in the metropolitan area of Bucharest, Romania. From 70candidate areas, 20 large industrial parks were selected for analysis and interpretation. InSAR analysis used SAR data acquired between 1992 and 2014 by ERS-1/-2, ENVISAT, and TerraSAR-X satellites. Ground movement patterns identified before and after 2000 were linked to groundwater table investigations based on 25 water wells, located on or in the proximity of these areas. The analysis revealed an initial subsidence or no change in uplift areas before 2000, followed by a return to zonal movement. This trend may also be related to the shutting down of industries that consumed large amounts of water, which increased deep groundwater pressure. Only one continuous subsidence trend was identified for an industrial area located south of the city, an area which continues to be active over time. Ongoing research is focused on using traditional geological andgeomorphologic investigations, as well as comparisons with fieldGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data.info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

Cryosphere Applications

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides large coverage and high resolution, and it has been proven to be sensitive to both surface and near-surface features related to accumulation, ablation, and metamorphism of snow and firn. Exploiting this sensitivity, SAR polarimetry and polarimetric interferometry found application to land ice for instance for the estimation of wave extinction (which relates to sub surface ice volume structure) and for the estimation of snow water equivalent (which relates to snow density and depth). After presenting these applications, the Chapter proceeds by reviewing applications of SAR polarimetry to sea ice for the classification of different ice types, the estimation of thickness, and the characterisation of its surface. Finally, an application to the characterisation of permafrost regions is considered. For each application, the used (model-based) decomposition and polarimetric parameters are critically described, and real data results from relevant airborne campaigns and space borne acquisitions are reported

1H-NMR Metabolomics Identifies Significant Changes in Metabolism over Time in a Porcine Model of Severe Burn and Smoke Inhalation

Burn injury initiates a hypermetabolic response leading to muscle catabolism and organ dysfunction but has not been well-characterized by high-throughput metabolomics. We examined changes in metabolism over the first 72 h post-burn using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and serum from a porcine model of severe burn injury. We sought to quantify the changes in metabolism that occur over time in response to severe burn and smoke inhalation in this preliminary study. Fifteen pigs received 40% total body surface area (TBSA) burns with additional pine bark smoke inhalation. Arterial blood was drawn at baseline (pre-burn) and every 24 h until 72 h post-injury or death. The aqueous portion of each serum sample was analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and metabolite concentrations were used for principal component analysis (PCA). Thirty-eight metabolites were quantified in 39 samples. Of these, 31 showed significant concentration changes over time (p < 0.05). PCA revealed clustering of samples by time point on a 2D scores plot. The first 48 h post-burn were characterized by high concentrations of histamine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Later timepoints were characterized by rising concentrations of 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and isovalerate. No significant differences in metabolism related to mortality were observed. Our work highlights the accumulation of organic acids resulting from fatty acid catabolism and oxidative stress. Further studies will be required to relate accumulation of the four organic carboxylates identified in this analysis to outcomes from burn injury