Spontaneous regression of congenital epulis: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Congenital epulis is a rare lesion found on the alveolar process of a newborn child, diagnosed soon after birth. The lesion has a site predilection for the anterior maxillary alveolar process and a 9:1 sex predilection for females. Once diagnosed the traditional management of the lesion has been surgical excision under general anesthesia.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>The purpose of this case report is to describe spontaneous regression of congenital epulis in a three week old healthy African American female child. She presented with a 1.5 cm bilobed sessile nodular lesion in the region of the right maxillary cuspid. The clinical impression was congenital epulis. Since the lesion was not interfering with feeding and respiration, a conservative approach was taken. The child was followed-up for 18 months, during which the lesion progressively regressed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Conservative management prevented unnecessary surgery and anesthesia exposure in a neonate.</p

Causes of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and the Role of Maternal Periodontal Status – A Review of the Literature

Preterm (PT) and Low birth weight (LBW) are considered to be the most relevant biological determinants of newborn infants survival, both in developed and in developing countries. Numerous risk factors for PT and LBW have been defined in the literature. Infections of the genitourinary tract infections along with various biological and genetic factors are considered to be the most common etiological factors for PT/LBW deliveries. However, evidence suggests that sub-clinical infection sites that are also distant from the genitor-urinary tract may be an important cause for PT/LBW deliveries. Maternal periodontal status has also been reported by many authors as a possible risk factor for PT and LBW, though not all of the actual data support such hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence from various published literature on the association between the maternal periodontal status and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although this review found a consistent association between periodontitis and PT/LBW, this finding should be treated with great caution until the sources of heterogeneity can be explained

Assessment of Alveolar Bone Levels from Bitewing, Periapical and Panoramic Radiographs in Periodontitis Patients

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between loss of radiographic crestal bone height in panoramic, bitewing and periapical radiography and to probe the attachment loss after periodontal treatment. Radiographic and probing measurements were made at baseline and after one year. The population in the study consisted of 21 individuals, 13 females and 8 males, ages 18–59 [mean 35.7] years. A total of 42 interproximal intra-bony defects of 21 mandibular first molar teeth, treatments of which were planned by subgingival curettage procedures, were selected from among 21 subjects who had signed consent forms. Measurements of the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest were compared with probing crestal bone level and radiographic measurements before and one year after the procedures. The results of probing pocket depths level before and one year after subgingival curettage were different with the mean average being 1.18 ± 1.51 mm. These changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Bitewing radiography showed the highest accuracy among radiographic methods in the assessment of the crestal bone level mean average 0.22 ± 0.87 mm (p < 0.05). There was only a slight mean difference compared to panoramic radiography but this was statistically insignificant, mean average 0.20 ±1.35 mm (p > 0.05), and the periapical radiography had the lowest accuracy of radiographic methods, changed mean average -0.14 ± 1.19.mm (p > 0.05). In summary, we can say that both bitewing and panoramic radiography are preferred to periapical images for crestal bone assesment. "Evaluación de los Niveles de Hueso Alveolar a Partir de Radiografías Interproximales, Periapicales y Panorámicas en Pacientes con Periodontitis" RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la pérdida de altura radiográfica de hueso crestal en radiografías panorámicas interproximales y periapicales, e investigar la pérdida de inserción tras el tratamiento periodontal. Las mediciones radiográficas y de sondeo fueron realizadas en la situación inicial y luego de un año. La población bajo estudio consistió en 21 individuos, 13 hembras y 8 varones, con edades 18–59 [media 35.7] (años). Un total de 42 defectos intraóseos interproximales de 21 primeros molares mandibulares, cuyos tratamientos fueron planeados mediante procedimientos de curetaje subgingival, fueron seleccionados de entre 21 sujetos que habían firmado su consentimiento. Las mediciones de la distancia entre la unión cemento-esmalte y la cresta alveolar, fueron comparadas sondeando el nivel de hueso crestal y recurriendo a mediciones radiográficas, antes y después (un año más tarde) de los procedimientos. Los resultados del sondeo del nivel de profundidad. de la bolsa antes y después del curetaje subgingival, fueron diferentes, siendo la media promedio 1.18 ± 1.51 mm. Estos cambios fueron estadísticamente significativos (p 0.05). En cambio, la radiografía periapical resultó ser la de más baja precisión entre los métodos radiográficos, para un cambio en la media promedio de -0.14 ± 1.19.mm (p > 0.05). En resumen, puede decirse que tanto la radiografía interproximal como la panorámica tienen preferencia por sobre las imágenes periapicales a la hora de la evaluación del hueso crestal

The effects of smoking cessation on visceral adiposity index levels

Background: Known to cause important metabolic disturbances, weight gain becomes a major health problem after smoking cessation. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is becoming increasingly popular in the detection of cardiometabolic risks in several disorders and general population. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of quitting smoking on VAI levels.Materials and Methods: Of 350 participants included into the cigarette cessation program, 70 (20%) completed the study and were enrolled into the analyses. VAI levels were calculated at the baseline and 3rd month after cigarette cessation.Results: Thirty‑eight (54.3%) out of 70 participants were male. While the mean age was found as 42 ± 1.0 years, mean starting age of smoking was found to be 16.87 ± 0.45 years, and mean smoking time was 23.07 ± 1.18 years. While VAI levels were found higher in men at the baseline, VAI levels were found similar in both genders at the end of the study. Higher VAI levels were found in those smoking &gt;20 cigarettes/day, compared to those smoking ≤20 cigarettes/day. Although weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased, VAI levels were found to decrease significantly at the 3rd month. In subgroup analyses, VAI levels were seen to decrease significantly only in men (P = 0.005). Furthermore, VAI levels were found to decrease (P &lt; 0.001) in those with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, whereas no significant change was observed in those with BMI &lt;25 kg/m2.Conclusions: Although body weight increases significantly after quitting smoking, VAI levels, an indicator of cardiovascular risks, decrease significantly, especially in men or obese patients.Keywords: Obesity, quitting smoking, smoking cessation, visceral adiposity index, weight gai

The effects of smoking cessation on visceral adiposity index levels

PubMed ID: 29888722Background: Known to cause important metabolic disturbances, weight gain becomes a major health problem after smoking cessation. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is becoming increasingly popular in the detection of cardiometabolic risks in several disorders and general population. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of quitting smoking on VAI levels. Materials and Methods: Of 350 participants included into the cigarette cessation program, 70 (20%) completed the study and were enrolled into the analyses. VAI levels were calculated at the baseline and 3rd month after cigarette cessation. Results: Thirty-eight (54.3%) out of 70 participants were male. While the mean age was found as 42 ± 1.0 years, mean starting age of smoking was found to be 16.87 ± 0.45 years, and mean smoking time was 23.07 ± 1.18 years. While VAI levels were found higher in men at the baseline, VAI levels were found similar in both genders at the end of the study. Higher VAI levels were found in those smoking &gt;20 cigarettes/day, compared to those smoking ?20 cigarettes/day. Although weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased, VAI levels were found to decrease significantly at the 3rd month. In subgroup analyses, VAI levels were seen to decrease significantly only in men (P = 0.005). Furthermore, VAI levels were found to decrease (P &lt; 0.001) in those with BMI ?25 kg/m2, whereas no significant change was observed in those with BMI &lt;25 kg/m2. Conclusions: Although body weight increases significantly after quitting smoking, VAI levels, an indicator of cardiovascular risks, decrease significantly, especially in men or obese patients. © 2018 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow