EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016, AND PROGNOSIS FOR 2017

Abstract. This paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in Russia in 2016. Summarized are the results of epizootiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHFV RNA isolates. In 2016, the Russian Federation reported 162 cases of CHF. Increase in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Astrakhan, Volgograd Regions, Republic of Kalmykia, and Stavropol Territory. For the first time CHF case was identified in Kabardino-Balkar Republic. In 2016 in stationary points for the long-term observation of the natural CHF focus, high abundance rates of larvae and nymphs of H. marginatum remain. In case of successful Ixodidae ticks wintering and late onset of the hot and dry season in the summer, 2017, there is probability that high numbers of H. marginatum will be retained and the period of the imago activity is prolonged, which may in its turn  contribute to the increase in CHF morbidity rates

Analysis of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever Morbidity Rates in the Russian Federation in 2017 and Prognosis for 2018

This paper presents the analysis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) morbidity rates in Russia in 2017; summarized are the results of epidemiological survey of the territory of the natural CHF focus in the south of the European part of Russia, discussed are the results of genetic typing of CCHF virus isolates. In 2017, the Russian Federation reported 78 cases of CHF. Decrease in the incidence of CHF occurred in the Volgograd Region, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Republic of Kalmykia, and Rostov Region. For the first time since 1967, CHF case has been identified in Crimea Republic. It is expected that the level of epizootic activity of CHF natural focus in Russia in 2018 will be at least equal to 2017. In case of favorable for Ixodidae ticks weather and climate conditions of the winter 2017–2018, as well as untimely acaricidal treatments, the number of Ixodidae ticks may increase, which along with the high scale of CCHF virus infection in ticks, will contribute to the increase in CHF incidence

Russian Artistic Gymnastics as a Sports Tourism Product: Some Observations and a Research Agenda

Tourism and its importance to the Russian Federation are very much in the headlines at present. Considering the huge investment made in facilities for the Winter Olympics, the building of new sports facilities for such mega events as the Football World Cup, and the status of St Petersburg as a candidate city for the 2028 Olympics, it is clear that Russia has long term plans to attract visitors to their sporting events. The purpose of this paper is to develop a research agenda to explore the potential of artistic gymnastics, a sport in which the Russian Federation has excelled for many years, as an agent of tourism development. The paper will take a case study approach, considering the nature of fandom and identifying features of artistic gymnastics as cultural heritage and sports tourism product. The national and international environment within which it is set are examined, prior to the development of a research agenda. A detailed review of literature on the historic, current and emerging trends in Russian artistic gymnastics; the place of artistic gymnastics in tourism development and sports tourism in Russia will be carried out. The paper’s findings will include considerations of: • The nature of gymnastics fandom, both in Russia and internationally • The nature of sports tourism development in the Russian Federation • The nature of gymnastics as a sport and its competition cycle • Artistic gymnastics as cultural heritage, and its potential as an autonomous means of promoting Russian national identity • The relationship between Russia’s sometimes fading gymnastics competition results, and its potential to leverage the sport for tourism interest • The potential for tourism product development linked to artistic gymnastics in the Russian Federation. The paper contributes to the literature on the nature of sports tourism as it relates to artistic gymnastics in the Russian Federation in particular

Epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2021

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2021. 49 cases of CCHF were detected in 2021, which is 1.53 times higher than in 2020. The mortality rate was 6.1 %. Sporadic cases of CCHF were registered in the Stavropol Territory, Rostov, Volgograd Regions, the Republics of Dagestan and Kalmykia. The incidence rates of CCHF were below the long-term average annual values in the majority of the constituent entities. Epizootiological survey of stationary observation points has revealed that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago corresponded to the average long-term indicators in 2021, the peak of H. marginatum activity was noted in the II–III decades of May. The proportion of Ixodidae tick pools positive for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus markers exceeded the long-term average indexes in a number of regions. On the territory of the natural focus of CCHF, the circulation of the CCHF virus of the genetic lineages “Europe-1” and “Europe-3” was detected in 2021. Based on the analysis of the epidemiological data of the previous year and natural and climatic factors affecting the abundance and vital activity of H. marginatum ticks, risk-based quantitative forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Stavropol Territory for 2022 has been compiled

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: Epidemiological and Epizootiological Situation in the Russian Federation in 2022, Incidence Forecast for 2023

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2022. The incidence rate of CCHF registered in 2022 (59 cases) was 1.2 times higher as compared to 2021, however, below the long-term average annual values. The mortality rate was 10.2 %, which exceeds the indicators of long-term observations (in 2012–2021 – 3.2 %). Following epizootiological survey of stationary observation points, it was found that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago in 2022, in general, corresponded to the average long-term indicators. CCHF virus isolates circulating in Russia in 2017–2022 belonged to the genetic lines “Europe-1” (V), “Europe-2” (VI), and “Europe-3” (VII). The ratio of CCHF virus genovariants in the population on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2017–2022 didn’t change. Based on the analysis of naturalclimatic factors, the forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Russian Federation for 2023 has been made

Epizootic Situation in the Crimean Federal District as Follows from Epidemiological Survey Results, 2014

The territory of the Crimean Peninsula is an endemic one as regards various natural-focal infections. The paper contains the data on epizootiological survey of 8 administrative regions of the Crimean Federal District (CFD). Carried out has been small mammals and Ixodidae ticks census. Identified is their species composition. Performed have been the field samples collection and laboratory studies for the presence of bacterial and viral infection agents. Established is the fact that H. marginatum is a dominating species among the ticks, collected during the spring season, while the house mouse prevails among the small mammals. As for the autumn collection of samples, the dominating species are H. punctata and common vole, respectively. Laboratory investigation results indicate the circulation of the agents of Ku fever, tick-borne spotty fever, Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, monocytic ehrlichiosis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis

Results of Work of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET on the Provision of Sanitary Epidemiological Welfare of the Population during the Summer Health-Promotion Campaign, 2014 in the Crimean Federal District

Integration of the Crimean Federal District (CFD) into the Russian Federation in March, 2014 predetermined the necessity to organize preventive activities, aimed at the provision of sanitary epidemiological welfare in the region. The paper observes the results of work of the specialized anti-epidemic teams, affiliated to the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute and Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, on the provision of assistance to CFD Sanitary Epidemiological Service (SES) in operational etiological investigation of infectious diseases outbreaks. Performed is the laboratory analysis of 2407 clinical and environmental samples. 676 tests out of 11518 have showed positive (non-standard) results. Given are the recommendations concerning optimization of work of the CFD SES facilities

Performance of the SAET of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi

Given is a general overview of the SAET performance during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games, 2014 in Sochi. Discussed are the peculiarities of work management of the SAET diagnostic facilities; represented are the data on the structure and scope of laboratory investigations of clinical material and environmental samples. Analyzed is the experience of operation under major international mass event. Consequently, it is concluded that current SAET structure, its stuffing and equipping, the laid-up stock of preparations and test-systems have allowed for coping with a diverse task complex in the laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases and indication of their agents

Клинические наблюдения гигантоклеточного гепатита у детей

Giant cell hepatitis is characterized, by inflammation and large multinucleated. hepatocytes in hepatic parenchyma It is an unusual hepatocytes response to various noxious stimuli, characterized, by presence of multinucleated cells in liver with generally dismal clinical outcome. Giant cell hepatitis is commonly reported, in neonatal and. infantile liver diseases but rarely in adults (postinfantile giant cell hepatitis). Giant cell hepatitis is associated, with many diseases, including drugs toxicity, viral and. autoimmune liver diseases, with autoimmune hepatitis being the most prevalent. We report some clinical cases of giant cell hepatitis with review of literature regarding various etiological agents and their respective prognostic outcome.Гигантоклеточный гепатит, характеризуется наличием воспалительного инфильтрата и гигантских многоядерных клеток в печеночной паренхиме. Гигантоклеточная трансформация представляет, собой необычный ответ, гепатоцитов на различные повреждающие факторы, обычно с неблагоприятным, клиническим, исходом. Гигантоклеточный гепатит, обычно наблюдается при неонатальных и инфантильных заболеваниях печени и редко у взрослых (постинфантильный гигантоклеточный гепатит). Гигантоклеточный гепатит, ассоциируется со многими заболеваниями, включая токсическое воздействие лекарственных средств, вирусные и аутоиммунные заболевания печени. Наиболее распространенным, является аутоиммунный гепатит. Мы сообщаем, о нескольких клинических случаях гигантоклеточного гепатита с обзором, литературы, относительно различных этиологических агентов и их соответствующих прогностических результатов