Changes in optical properties of ex vivo rat prostate due to heating

This study examines the effectiveness of a single, first-order Arrhenius process in accurately modelling the thermally induced changes in the optical properties, particularly the reduced scattering coefficient, μ'(s), and the absorption coefficient, μ(a), of ex vivo rat prostate. Recent work has shown that μ'(s) can increase as much as five-fold due to thermal coagulation, and the observed change in μ'(s) has been modelled well according to a first- order rate process in albumen. Conversely, optical property measurements conducted using pig liver suggest that this change in μ'(s) cannot suitably be described using a single rate parameter. In canine prostate, measurements have indicated that while the absorption coefficient varies with temperature, it does not do so according to first-order kinetics. A double integrating sphere system was used to measure the reflectance and transmittance of light at 810 nm through a thin sample of prostate. Using prostate samples collected from Sprague-Dawley rats, optical properties were measured at a constant elevated temperature. Tissue samples were measured over the range 54-83 °C. The optical properties of the sample were determined through comparison with reflectance and transmittance values predicted by a Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in turbid media. A first-order Arrhenius model was applied to the observed change in μ'(s) and μ(a) to determine the rate process parameters for thermal coagulation. The measured rate coefficients were E(a) = (7.18 ± 1.74) x 104 J mol-1 and A(freq) = 3.14 x 108 s-1 for μ'(s). It was determined that the change in μ'(s) is well described by a single first-order rate process. Similar analysis performed on the changes in μ(a) due to increased temperatures yielded E(a) = (1.01 ± 0.35) x 105 J mol-1 and A(freq) = 8.92 x 1012 s-1. The results for μ(a) suggest that the Arrhenius model may be applicable to the changes in absorption

Translation of third and second harmonic generation microscopy into the clinic for the assessment of fresh lung tumor tissue

We show a portable third and second harmonic generation microscope in the clinic generating 3D real-time high resolution images of fresh lung tumor tissue providing immediate pathological feedback for clinicians potentially reducing endoscopy/operation time