Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani kakao bermitra dengan pt mars (studi kasus di desa cendana hijau Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur)

Tujuan diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani kakao bermitra dengan PT MARS di Desa Cendana Hijau, Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di PT MARS di Desa Cendana Hijau Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama dua bulan pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2016. Penentuan responden petani mitra dilakukan dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling Method. Metode pengumpulan data dimulai dari penelusuran data sekunder. Data-data sekunder seperti nama-nama kelompok tani mitra, jumlah kelompok tani mitra, luas lahan, produktivitas usaha tani petani mitra dan lain-lain diperoleh dari perusahaan mitra, Petugas Penyuluh Lapang, dan Badan Pusat Statistik setempat. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, diskusi dan pengisian kuesioner kepada responden. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi yaitu statistik yang memberikan gambaran atau makna dari variabel penelitian. Variabel-variabel penelitian berupa (1) Tingkat efesiensi; (2) Adanya jaminan harga; (3) Peningkatan pendapatan; dan (4) Jaminan pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani kakao bermitra dengan PT MARS di Desa Cendana Hijau Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur ada 4 faktor yaitu: (1). Efesiensi sebesar 100%; (2). Jaminan harga 73,4%; (3). Tingkat pendapatan sebesar 70% dan; (4). Jaminan pasar sebesar 100%. Faktor pendorong yang paling dominan dalam kemitraan antara petani kakao dengan PT MARS di Desa Cendana Hijau Kecamatan Wotu Kabupaten Luwu Timur faktor efesiensi dan jaminan pasar. Kata-kata kunci: Kemitraan, Petani Kakao, PT MAR

Dampak Kenaikan Harga Minyak Bumi Terhadap Ketersediaan Minyak Goreng Sawit Domestik

This paper attempts to examine the impact of rising fossil fuel prices on the increasing impact on the demand of alternative fuels (biofuels), and its impact on food availability in Indonesia. An econometric model using simultaneous equations is employed. An increase in world crude oil price for 0,192 percent caused the price of real Indonesian palm oil export raised by 10,64 percent. Consequently, a larger biodiesel production is needed to meet their crease of world's consumer demand for biodiesel. Also, with the increase in real export price of Indonesian palm oil, it will encourage palm oil producers to push their export volume. Indonesian palm oil exporter expected to increase by 6,37 percent to finally push the domestic CPO price increase for 1,85 percent. Rising domestic oil prices are causing oil demand in the palm oil industry to decline by 0,49 percent and in the end resulting in the decline of palm oil production by 1,56 percent

Effect of high current density to defect generation of blue LED and its characterization with transmission electron microscope

The optical, electrical and structural characteristics of InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated to identify the degradation of LED before and after current injection. The sample was injected by high current of 200 A/cm2 for 5 and 20 minutes. It was observed that injection of current shifts light intensity and wavelength characteristics that indicated defect generation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization was carried out in order to clarify the structure degradation caused by defect in active layer which consisted of 14 quantum well with thickness of about 5 nm and confined with barrier layer with thickness of about 12 nm. TEM results showed pre-existing defect in LED before injection with high current. Furthermore, discontinue and edge defect was found in dark spot region of LED after injection with high current

Effect of high current density to defect generation of blue LED and its characterization with transmission electron microscope

The optical, electrical and structural characteristics of InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated to identify the degradation of LED before and after current injection. The sample was injected by high current of 200 A/cm2 for 5 and 20 minutes. It was observed that injection of current shifts light intensity and wavelength characteristics that indicated defect generation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization was carried out in order to clarify the structure degradation caused by defect in active layer which consisted of 14 quantum well with thickness of about 5 nm and confined with barrier layer with thickness of about 12 nm. TEM results showed pre-existing defect in LED before injection with high current. Furthermore, discontinue and edge defect was found in dark spot region of LED after injection with high current