A quantitative approach to socio-political tension in Russia 1895-1913

Zur Analyse der sozialpolitischen Spannungen im zaristischen Rußland kombiniert die vorliegende Studie Techniken der statischen und dynamischen Analyse in einem Modell von ausgewählten ökonomischen und politischen Parametern. Das entwickelte Modell verfolgt den Zweck, die Vorstellungen über die Ursachen politischer Stabilität zu verfeinern. Für 49 Regierungsbezirke westlich des Urals wird durch eine Cluster-Analyse eine Typologie von revolutionären Phasen und Bewegungen rekonstruiert, die Aufschlüsse über die sozialstrukturelle Zusammensetzung des revolutionären Potentials bis auf die regionale Ebene hin erlaubt. (pmb)'The paper is an attempt to study socio-political conflict in czarist Russia using the combined techniques of static and dynamic analyses under certain economic and political parameters. The study used multiple variables to measure SPT (Socio-Political Tension) for the period from 1895 to 1913, both for the empire as a whole and for the 49 Gouvernements West of the Urals. In our study, a model of SPT was constructed that has the potential for giving us more precise ideas about the causes of political stability. Chronological cluster analysis was shown to be useful in generating a typology of different periods of revolutionary movement in Russia and also permitted the mapping of variables at the regional level. A database was gathered that can be used for further analysis. Some correlations were revealed that were previously unknown to scholars of revolutionary movements in Russia.' (author's abstract

Improvement of Quality of Customs Services and Customs Control of the Goods Moved by Individuals for Private Use at Air Check Points

The article considers issues of efficiency of customs control in the framework and quality of customs services. Analyzes the international experience of implementation of customs control of goods for personal use exported by physical persons in air checkpoints. Focuses on the development of guidelines, aimed at regulating «non-trade turnover of goods» for the personal use of individuals in air checkpoints. Described the scientific and practical insights to solve problems

Effect of a Type of Loading on Stresses at a Planar Boundary of a Nanomaterial

Abstract A two-dimensional model of an elastic body at nanoscale is considered as a half-plane under the action of a periodic load at the boundary. An additional surface stress, and constitutive equations of the Gurtin-Murdoch surface linear elasticity are assumed. Using Goursat-Kolosov complex potentials and Muskhelisvili technique, the solution of the boundary value problem in the case of an arbitrary load is reduced to a hypersingular integral equation in an unknown surface stress. For the case of a periodic load, the solution of this equation is found in the form of Fourier series. The influence of the surface stress on the stresses at the boundary of the half-plane under the tangential and normal periodic loading is analyzed. In particular, it is found out the size effect which becomes apparent in the dependence of the stresses on a length of the load period of the order 10 nm. Moreover, the tangential stresses appear under the action of the normal loads

Results of subfossil Cladocera (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) analyses from bottom deposits of Lake Antyukh-Lambina (Kola Peninsula, Murmansk region).

The research is executed for restoration of climatic and ecological conditions of the past in the territory of the Kola Peninsula. The lake Antyukh-Lambina was once a part of the large lake Kolvitskoye and consequently, its ground "archives" contain information on its development, change of natural situations on a reservoir, change of climatic conditions of the region in general. The analysis the subfossil cladoceria of communities of ground deposits of the Kola Peninsula was not carried out and is of special interest itself in connection with the accruing anthropogenous loading in the region. In work results of the paleobiologic analysis of communities Cladocera in ground deposits of the lake Antyukh-Lambina are presented. It is established that in a reservoir palaearctic and holarctic taxons prevail, cosmopolitan distribution is peculiar to only 15% of the revealed taxons. Comparison of results with data of the hironomidny analysis is carried out. Information on researches of planktonic communities of lakes of the Kola Peninsula and its comparison with the data received during the analysis of the remains of Cladocera in ground deposits of the lake Antyukh- Lambina is provided. In work the indexes defining degree of specific wealth, variety and domination of communities the Crustacea are used, statistical and stratigraphic analyses are made. Results of the lithostratigraphic analysis are presented

Reconstruction of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic conditions of the Holocene in the south of the Taimyr according to an analysis of lake sediments

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. A sediment core from Khatanga-12 Lake (Taimyr Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk krai) has been studied. The 131.5-cm-long core covers ca. 7100 years of sedimentation. Chironomid analysis, a qualitative reconstruction of the paleoenvironment in the region, and a quantitative reconstruction of variations of the mean July air temperature and in the water depth of the lake have been performed using Northern Russia chironomid-inferred mean July temperature models (Nazarova et al., 2008, 2011, 2015). Khatanga-12 Lake was formed during the Middle Holocene warming as a result of thermokarst processes. The development of the lake ecosystem at different stages of its development was influenced by climatic and cryolithogenic factors. The Middle Holocene warming, which occurred around 7100–6250 cal. years BP, activated thermokarst processes and resulted in the formation of the lake basin. Later, between 6250 and 4500 cal. years BP, a period of cooling took place, as is proved by chironomid analysis. The bottom sediments of the lake during this period were formed by erosion processes on the lake shores. The reconstructed conditions were close to the modern after 2500 cal. years BP

Static conductivity of charged domain wall in uniaxial ferroelectric-semiconductors

Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory we calculated numerically the static conductivity of both inclined and counter domain walls in the uniaxial ferroelectrics-semiconductors of n-type. We used the effective mass approximation for the electron and holes density of states, which is valid at arbitrary distance from the domain wall. Due to the electrons accumulation, the static conductivity drastically increases at the inclined head-to-head wall by 1 order of magnitude for small incline angles theta pi/40 by up 3 orders of magnitude for the counter domain wall (theta=pi/2). Two separate regions of the space charge accumulation exist across an inclined tail-to-tail wall: the thin region in the immediate vicinity of the wall with accumulated mobile holes and the much wider region with ionized donors. The conductivity across the tail-to-tail wall is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the one of the head-to-head wall due to the low mobility of holes, which are improper carries. The results are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental data for LiNbO3 doped with MgO.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendi

Reconstruction of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic conditions of the Holocene in the south of the Taimyr according to an analysis of lake sediments

A sediment core from Khatanga-12 Lake (Taimyr Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk krai) has been studied. The 131.5-cm-long core covers ca. 7100 years of sedimentation. Chironomid analysis, a qualitative reconstruction of the paleoenvironment in the region, and a quantitative reconstruction of variations of the mean July air temperature and in the water depth of the lake have been performed using Northern Russia chironomid-inferred mean July temperature models (Nazarova et al., 2008, 2011, 2015). Khatanga-12 Lake was formed during the Middle Holocene warming as a result of thermokarst processes. The development of the lake ecosystem at different stages of its development was influenced by climatic and cryolithogenic factors. The Middle Holocene warming, which occurred around 7100–6250 cal. years BP, activated thermokarst processes and resulted in the formation of the lake basin. Later, between 6250 and 4500 cal. years BP, a period of cooling took place, as is proved by chironomid analysis. The bottom sediments of the lake during this period were formed by erosion processes on the lake shores. The reconstructed conditions were close to the modern after 2500 cal. years BP

Reconstructions of palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic conditions of Late Pleistocene and Holocene as inferred from sediments of the Lake Medvedevskoe (Karelian Istmus)

The use of chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) as indicators of changes in natural and climatic settings allows one to reconstruct paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental conditions. Based on the results of lithological and chironomid analyses, the loss on ignition (LOI) values, as well as the results of radiocarbon dating (14C AMS), new data on the paleoclimate in the Karelian Isthmus, in particular the quantitative reconstruction of the mean July temperature (TJuly, °C) in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene and the evolution of the ecosystem of Medvedevskoe Lake have been obtained

Domain wall conduction in multiaxial ferroelectrics

The conductance of domain wall structures consisting of either stripes or cylindrical domains in multi-axial ferroelectric-semiconductors is analyzed. The effects of the domain size, wall tilt and curvature, on charge accumulation, are analyzed using the Landau-Ginsburg Devonshire (LGD) theory for polarization combined with Poisson equation for charge distributions. Both the classical ferroelectric parameters including expansion coefficients in 2-4-6 Landau potential and gradient terms, as well as flexoelectric coupling, inhomogeneous elastic strains and electrostriction are included in the present analysis. Spatial distributions of the ionized donors, free electrons and holes were found self-consistently using the effective mass approximation for the respective densities of states. The proximity and size effect of the electron and donor accumulation/depletion by thin stripe domains and cylindrical nanodomains are revealed. In contrast to thick domain stripes and thicker cylindrical domains, in which the carrier accumulation (and so the static conductivity) sharply increases at the domain walls only, small nanodomains of radius less then 5-10 correlation length appeared conducting across entire cross-section. Implications of such conductive nanosized channels may be promising for nanoelectronics.Comment: 39 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, 4 appendice