Jet Bundles in Quantum Field Theory: The BRST-BV method

The geometric interpretation of the Batalin-Vilkovisky antibracket as the Schouten bracket of functional multivectors is examined in detail. The identification is achieved by the process of repeated contraction of even functional multivectors with fermionic functional 1-forms. The classical master equation may then be considered as a generalisation of the Jacobi identity for Poisson brackets, and the cohomology of a nilpotent even functional multivector is identified with the BRST cohomology. As an example, the BRST-BV formulation of gauge fixing in theories with gauge symmetries is reformulated in the jet bundle formalism. (Hopefully this version will be TeXable)Comment: 26 page

How `hot' are mixed quantum states?

Given a mixed quantum state $\rho$ of a qudit, we consider any observable $M$ as a kind of `thermometer' in the following sense. Given a source which emits pure states with these or those distributions, we select such distributions that the appropriate average value of the observable $M$ is equal to the average Tr$M\rho$ of $M$ in the stare $\rho$. Among those distributions we find the most typical one, namely, having the highest differential entropy. We call this distribution conditional Gibbs ensemble as it turns out to be a Gibbs distribution characterized by a temperature-like parameter $\beta$. The expressions establishing the liaisons between the density operator $\rho$ and its temperature parameter $\beta$ are provided. Within this approach, the uniform mixed state has the highest `temperature', which tends to zero as the state in question approaches to a pure state.Comment: Contribution to Quantum 2006: III workshop ad memoriam of Carlo Novero: Advances in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information with atoms and photons. 2-5 May 2006 - Turin, Ital

Fourier transform and rigidity of certain distributions

Let $E$ be a finite dimensional vector space over a local field, and $F$ be its dual. For a closed subset $X$ of $E$, and $Y$ of $F$, consider the space $D^{-\xi}(E;X,Y)$ of tempered distributions on $E$ whose support are contained in $X$ and support of whose Fourier transform are contained in $Y$. We show that $D^{-\xi}(E;X,Y)$ possesses a certain rigidity property, for $X$, $Y$ which are some finite unions of affine subspaces.Comment: 10 page

Multi-Component KdV Hierarchy, V-Algebra and Non-Abelian Toda Theory

I prove the recently conjectured relation between the $2\times 2$-matrix differential operator $L=\partial^2-U$, and a certain non-linear and non-local Poisson bracket algebra ($V$-algebra), containing a Virasoro subalgebra, which appeared in the study of a non-abelian Toda field theory. Here, I show that this $V$-algebra is precisely given by the second Gelfand-Dikii bracket associated with $L$. The Miura transformation is given which relates the second to the first Gelfand-Dikii bracket. The two Gelfand-Dikii brackets are also obtained from the associated (integro-) differential equation satisfied by fermion bilinears. The asymptotic expansion of the resolvent of $(L-\xi)\Psi=0$ is studied and its coefficients $R_l$ yield an infinite sequence of hamiltonians with mutually vanishing Poisson brackets. I recall how this leads to a matrix KdV hierarchy which are flow equations for the three component fields $T, V^+, V^-$ of $U$. For $V^\pm=0$ they reduce to the ordinary KdV hierarchy. The corresponding matrix mKdV equations are also given, as well as the relation to the pseudo- differential operator approach. Most of the results continue to hold if $U$ is a hermitian $n\times n$-matrix. Conjectures are made about $n\times n$-matrix $m^{\rm th}$-order differential operators $L$ and associated $V_{(n,m)}$-algebras.Comment: 20 pages, revised: several references to earlier papers on multi-component KdV equations are adde

On the Non-relativistic Limit of Linear Wave Equations for Zero and Unity Spin Particles

The non-relativistic limit of the linear wave equation for zero and unity spin bosons of mass $m$ in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau representation is investigated by means of a unitary transformation, analogous to the Foldy-Wouthuysen canonical transformation for a relativistic electron. The interacting case is also analyzed, by considering a power series expansion of the transformed Hamiltonian, thus demonstrating that all features of particle dynamics can be recovered if corrections of order $1/m^{2}$ are taken into account through a recursive iteration procedure.Comment: 10 page

A Mealy machine with polynomial growth of irrational degree

We consider a very simple Mealy machine (three states over a two-symbol alphabet), and derive some properties of the semigroup it generates. In particular, this is an infinite, finitely generated semigroup; we show that the growth function of its balls behaves asymptotically like n^2.4401..., where this constant is 1 + log(2)/log((1+sqrt(5))/2); that the semigroup satisfies the identity g^6=g^4; and that its lattice of two-sided ideals is a chain.Comment: 20 pages, 1 diagra

Presymplectic representation of bi-Hamiltonian chain

Liouville integrable systems, which have bi-Hamiltonian representation of the Gel'fand-Zakharevich type, are considered. Bi-presymplectic representation of one-Casimir bi-Hamiltonian chains and weakly bi-presymplectic representation of multi-Casimir bi-Hamiltonian chains are constructed. The reduction procedure for Poisson and presymplectic structures is presented.Comment: 17 pages, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Ge

On the Green-Functions of the classical offshell electrodynamics under the manifestly covariant relativistic dynamics of Stueckelberg

In previous paper derivations of the Green function have been given for 5D off-shell electrodynamics in the framework of the manifestly covariant relativistic dynamics of Stueckelberg (with invariant evolution parameter $\tau$). In this paper, we reconcile these derivations resulting in different explicit forms, and relate our results to the conventional fundamental solutions of linear 5D wave equations published in the mathematical literature. We give physical arguments for the choice of the Green function retarded in the fifth variable $\tau$.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

A Lorentzian Signature Model for Quantum General Relativity

We give a relativistic spin network model for quantum gravity based on the Lorentz group and its q-deformation, the Quantum Lorentz Algebra. We propose a combinatorial model for the path integral given by an integral over suitable representations of this algebra. This generalises the state sum models for the case of the four-dimensional rotation group previously studied in gr-qc/9709028. As a technical tool, formulae for the evaluation of relativistic spin networks for the Lorentz group are developed, with some simple examples which show that the evaluation is finite in interesting cases. We conjecture that the `10J' symbol needed in our model has a finite value.Comment: 22 pages, latex, amsfonts, Xypic. Version 3: improved presentation. Version 2 is a major revision with explicit formulae included for the evaluation of relativistic spin networks and the computation of examples which have finite value