Interferometry versus projective measurement of anyons

The distinct methods for measuring topological charge in a non-abelian anyonic system have been discussed in the literature: projective measurement of a single point-like quasiparticle and interferometric measurement of the total topological charge of a group of quasiparticles. Projective measurement by definition is only applied near a point and will project to a topological charge sector near that point. Thus, if it is to be applied to a \emph{group} of anyons to project to a \emph{total} charge, then the anyons must first be fused one by one to obtain a single anyon carrying the collective charge. We show that interferometric measurement is strictly stronger: Any protocol involving projective measurement can be simulated at low overhead by another protocol involving only interferometric measurement.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

A first-order time-domain Green's function approach to supersonic unsteady flow

A time-domain Green's Function Method for unsteady supersonic potential flow around complex aircraft configurations is presented. The focus is on the supersonic range wherein the linear potential flow assumption is valid. The Green's function method is employed in order to convert the potential-flow differential equation into an integral one. This integral equation is then discretized, in space through standard finite-element technique, and in time through finite-difference, to yield a linear algebraic system of equations relating the unknown potential to its prescribed co-normalwash (boundary condition) on the surface of the aircraft. The arbitrary complex aircraft configuration is discretized into hyperboloidal (twisted quadrilateral) panels. The potential and co-normalwash are assumed to vary linearly within each panel. Consistent with the spatial linear (first-order) finite-element approximations, the potential and co-normalwash are assumed to vary linearly in time. The long range goal of our research is to develop a comprehensive theory for unsteady supersonic potential aerodynamics which is capable of yielding accurate results even in the low supersonic (i.e., high transonic) range

Systems aspects of COBE science data compression

A general approach to compression of diverse data from large scientific projects has been developed and this paper addresses the appropriate system and scientific constraints together with the algorithm development and test strategy. This framework has been implemented for the COsmic Background Explorer spacecraft (COBE) by retrofitting the existing VAS-based data management system with high-performance compression software permitting random access to the data. Algorithms which incorporate scientific knowledge and consume relatively few system resources are preferred over ad hoc methods. COBE exceeded its planned storage by a large and growing factor and the retrieval of data significantly affects the processing, delaying the availability of data for scientific usage and software test. Embedded compression software is planned to make the project tractable by reducing the data storage volume to an acceptable level during normal processing

A first-order Green's function approach to supersonic oscillatory flow: A mixed analytic and numeric treatment

A frequency domain Green's Function Method for unsteady supersonic potential flow around complex aircraft configurations is presented. The focus is on the supersonic range wherein the linear potential flow assumption is valid. In this range the effects of the nonlinear terms in the unsteady supersonic compressible velocity potential equation are negligible and therefore these terms will be omitted. The Green's function method is employed in order to convert the potential flow differential equation into an integral one. This integral equation is then discretized, through standard finite element technique, to yield a linear algebraic system of equations relating the unknown potential to its prescribed co-normalwash (boundary condition) on the surface of the aircraft. The arbitrary complex aircraft configuration (e.g., finite-thickness wing, wing-body-tail) is discretized into hyperboloidal (twisted quadrilateral) panels. The potential and co-normalwash are assumed to vary linearly within each panel. The long range goal is to develop a comprehensive theory for unsteady supersonic potential aerodynamic which is capable of yielding accurate results even in the low supersonic (i.e., high transonic) range

The use of blocking software or Internet filters in southern New Jersey public libraries

The purpose of this study was to determine if public libraries in southern New Jersey have installed blocking software or filters on their Internet computers and, specifically, to find out what types of filters or blocking software they were currently using in their libraries. The study wanted to see how satisfied librarians were with their filters or blocking software. The study also looked at whether or not public libraries in southern New Jersey have written Acceptable Use Policies which define access to the Internet for some or all of their patrons, including children under the age of eighteen. Finally, the study examined whether or not public librarians were aware of Federal regulations including the Children\u27s Internet Protection Act. This applied research design employed mailed questionnaires to collect data from 67 public libraries in southern New Jersey. Analysis of the data revealed that many smaller public libraries have not installed filters or blocking software on their Internet computers. Approximately half the libraries surveyed were utilizing filters or blocking software on their Internet computers for either adults or children under the age of eighteen

Probing new physics with coherent neutrino scattering off nuclei

The possibility off measuring for the first time neutrino-nuclei coherent scattering has been recently discussed by several experimental collaborations. It is shown that such a measurement may be very sensitive to non-standard interactions of neutrinos with quarks and might set better constraints than those coming from future neutrino factory experiments. We also comment on other types of new physics tests, such as extra heavy neutral gauge bosons, where the sensitivity to some models is slightly better than the Tevatron constraint and, therefore, could give complementary bounds.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures Discussion about Z prime corrected and extended. Final version to be published in JHE

Study of 50 cases of carcinoma of the lung: from the point of view of early diagnosis

Fifty cases of primary carcinoma of the lung have been described and it has been found that:1. Carcinoma of the lung occurred practically always in people over 40.2. It was 7 times as common in males as in females.3. In 22 per cent of cases it occurred in people who had had a cough for a number of years.4. Pleural effusion appeared in 12 per cent of the cases.5. Clubbing of the fingers occurred in 22 per cent of the cases and it appears probable that carcinoma of the lung alone can cause it.6. The symptoms of greatest importance for diagnosis were cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, pain in the chest and loss of weight. They occurred fairly early in most of the cases.7. The physical signs of greatest importance for diagnosis were those suggesting collapse of lung tissue, by the time these were present the disease was too advanced for surgery to be successful.8. Examination of the sputum for carcinoma cells was a very valuable aid in diagnosis and it deserves to be used more than it is at present.9. The radiographical appearance of collapse of lung tissue is very suggestive of carcinoma of the lung Eby the time this was apparent in the radiograms the disease was too advanced for surgery to be successful.10. Bronchoscopy was the most valuable method of diagnosis. It revealed the exact site of the growth which is important when the possibility of pneumonectomy is being considered. It also furnished conclusive proof of the nature of the growth. It should be done at the earliest possible moment whenever the symptoms are at all suspicious of carcinoma of the lung. If this is done there is hope that we will be able to diagnose the condition at an early stage more frequently. It is the duty of all medical practitioners to send cases at the earliest possible moment.11. The Sedimentation rate was considerably raised in every case except one in which it was estimated but it is not of great value in diagnosis because of the large number of diseases which can cause a raised blood sedimentation rate.12. None of the cases in this series was cured. The only hope of cure at present lies in early diagnosis. We can only hope to diagnose the minority of cases early enough for surgery to be successful. One of the difficulties is that patients often ignore symptoms for a long time before seeking medical advice and this can only be partly overcome by warning the public of the danger of neglecting them. A certain number of cases do come to us soon after the development of symptoms and we must be prepared to call in the aid of the radiologist, pathologist and bronchoscopist when we hear suspicious symptoms in spite of the fact that there are no abnormal physical signs. Every patient over the age of 40 with a cough which does not improve with treatment after a week or so should be subjected to the routine accessory methods of diagnosis. If this is done we would discover more cases at a stage in which surgery would be successful

The Hidden Spatial Geometry of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

The Gauss law constraint in the Hamiltonian form of the $SU(2)$ gauge theory of gluons is satisfied by any functional of the gauge invariant tensor variable $\phi^{ij} = B^{ia} B^{ja}$. Arguments are given that the tensor $G_{ij} = (\phi^{-1})_{ij}\,\det B$ is a more appropriate variable. When the Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of $\phi$ or $G$, the quantity $\Gamma^i_{jk}$ appears. The gauge field Bianchi and Ricci identities yield a set of partial differential equations for $\Gamma$ in terms of $G$. One can show that $\Gamma$ is a metric-compatible connection for $G$ with torsion, and that the curvature tensor of $\Gamma$ is that of an Einstein space. A curious 3-dimensional spatial geometry thus underlies the gauge-invariant configuration space of the theory, although the Hamiltonian is not invariant under spatial coordinate transformations. Spatial derivative terms in the energy density are singular when $\det G=\det B=0$. These singularities are the analogue of the centrifugal barrier of quantum mechanics, and physical wave-functionals are forced to vanish in a certain manner near $\det B=0$. It is argued that such barriers are an inevitable result of the projection on the gauge-invariant subspace of the Hilbert space, and that the barriers are a conspicuous way in which non-abelian gauge theories differ from scalar field theories.Comment: 19 pages, TeX, CTP #223