36,044 research outputs found

    Dynamical scaling in Ising and vector spin glasses

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    We have studied numerically the dynamics of spin glasses with Ising and XY symmetry (gauge glass) in space dimensions 2, 3, and 4. The nonequilibrium spin-glass susceptibility and the nonequilibrium energy per spin of samples of large size L_b are measured as a function of anneal time t_w after a quench to temperatures T. The two observables are compared to the equilibrium spin-glass susceptibility and the equilibrium energy, respectively, measured as functions of temperature T and system size L for a range of system sizes. For any time and temperature a nonequilibrium time-dependent length scale L*(t_w,T) can be defined by comparing equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantities. Our analysis shows that for all systems studied, an "effective dynamical critical exponent" parametrization L*(t_w,T) = A(T) t^(1/z(T)) fits the data well at each temperature within the whole temperature range studied, which extends from well above the critical temperature to near T = 0 for dimension 2, or to well below the critical temperature for the other space dimensions studied. In addition, the data suggest that the dynamical critical exponent z varies smoothly when crossing the transition temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures, 9 table

    Design and standalone characterisation of a capacitively coupled HV-CMOS sensor chip for the CLIC vertex detector

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    The concept of capacitive coupling between sensors and readout chips is under study for the vertex detector at the proposed high-energy CLIC electron positron collider. The CLICpix Capacitively Coupled Pixel Detector (C3PD) is an active High-Voltage CMOS sensor, designed to be capacitively coupled to the CLICpix2 readout chip. The chip is implemented in a commercial 180180 nm HV-CMOS process and contains a matrix of 128×128128\times128 square pixels with 2525 μ\mum pitch. First prototypes have been produced with a standard resistivity of ∼20\sim20 Ω\Omegacm for the substrate and tested in standalone mode. The results show a rise time of ∼20\sim20 ns, charge gain of 190190 mV/ke−^{-} and ∼40\sim40 e−^{-} RMS noise for a power consumption of 4.84.8 μ\muW/pixel. The main design aspects, as well as standalone measurement results, are presented.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. Work carried out in the framework of the CLICdp collaboratio

    Legal Writing

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    This issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review provides an opportunity for students to develop their skill in written analysis and argument. In turn, the author uses this issue as an opportunity to consider the standards by which a writer should be guided both in their own creative work and in assessing the work of others by using Professor W Friedmann's Law and Social Change in Contemporary Britain as a framework. According to the author, legal writing requires absolute integrity to the facts, full candour as to the facts, avoiding distortion and straw-men targets in arguments, consistency, and clarity and accuracy

    Kink-antikink interactions in the double sine-Gordon equation and the problem of resonance frequencies

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    We studied the kink-antikink collision process for the "double sine-Gordon" (DSG) equation in 1+1 dimensions at different values of the potential parameter R>0R>0. For small values of RR we discuss the problem of resonance frequencies. We give qualitative explanation of the frequency shift in comparison with the frequency of the discrete level in the potential well of isolated kink. We show that in this region of the parameter RR the effective long-range interaction between kink and antikink takes place.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures (eps

    Kinetics of viral self-assembly: the role of ss RNA antenna

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    A big class of viruses self-assemble from a large number of identical capsid proteins with long flexible N-terminal tails and ss RNA. We study the role of the strong Coulomb interaction of positive N-terminal tails with ss RNA in the kinetics of the in vitro virus self-assembly. Capsid proteins stick to unassembled chain of ss RNA (which we call "antenna") and slide on it towards the assembly site. We show that at excess of capsid proteins such one-dimensional diffusion accelerates self-assembly more than ten times. On the other hand at excess of ss RNA, antenna slows self-assembly down. Several experiments are proposed to verify the role of ss RNA antenna.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, several experiments are proposed, a new idea of experiment is adde
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