24 research outputs found

    Disturbed flow induces a sustained, stochastic NF-魏B activation which may support intracranial aneurysm growth in vivo

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    Intracranial aneurysms are associated with disturbed velocity patterns, and chronic inflammation, but the relevance for these findings are currently unknown. Here, we show that (disturbed) shear stress induced by vortices is a sufficient condition to activate the endothelial NF-kB pathway, possibly through a mechanism of mechanosensor de-activation. We provide evidence for this statement through in-vitro live cell imaging of NF-kB in HUVECs exposed to different flow conditions, stochastic modelling of flow induced NF-kB activation and induction of disturbed flow in mouse carotid arteries. Finally, CFD and immunofluorescence on human intracranial aneurysms showed a correlation similar to the mouse vessels, suggesting that disturbed shear stress may lead to sustained NF-kB activation thereby offering an explanation for the close association between disturbed flow and intracranial aneurysms

    Trilobites from the Givetian and Frasnian of the Holy Cross Mountains

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    Three species of Givetian and Frasnian trilobites have been recognized in the stromatoporoid-coral platform and Dyminy reef complex (Kowala Formation) of the southern part of the Holy Cross Mts, and two more in deeper facies of the Kostom艂oty area. Representatives of the genus Scutellum, common in the shallow-water (related to carbonate buildups) associations of the Variscan Europe, are most widespread and diversified. Cyrtodechenella(?) declinans sp. n., Phacops (Chotecops) zofiae sp. n., and Scutellum mariae sp. n. are proposed.W oparciu 芯 nowe kolekcje, pochodz膮ce ze stanowisk g艂贸wnie w obr臋bie platformy stromatoporoidowo-koralowcowej i dymi艅skiego kompleksu rafowego (Formacja z Kowali) po艂udniowej cz臋艣ci G贸r 艢wi臋tokrzyskich oraz z g艂臋bszych facji obszaru kostom艂ockiego, opisano faun臋 trylobitow膮 偶ywetu i franu oraz przedyskutowano r贸偶ne aspekty jej wyst臋powania. Wyr贸偶niono 5 takson贸w, w tym 3 nowe gatunki: Cyrtodechenella(?) declinarts sp. n., Phacops (Chotecops) zofiae sp. n. i Scutellum mariae sp. n. Przedstawiciele rodzaju Scutellum s膮 najbardziej szeroko rozpowszechnieni i zr贸偶nicowani. Wykazuj膮 oni 艣cis艂e pokrewie艅stwa z p艂ytkowodnymi asocjacjami 艣rodkowej i zachodniej (waryscyjskiej) Europy, zwi膮zanymi z r贸偶norodnymi budowlami w臋glanowymi
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