Pengaruh Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Kasus pada Materi Zat Aditif dan Adiktif Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa

Keterampilan berpikir kritis menjadi salah satu tuntutan pembelajaran Abad XXI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kasus terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Unequivalent control group design dan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan metode purposive sampling. Variabel bebas penelitian yaitu penerapan pembelajaran yang berbeda, sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Data keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa diperoleh dari hasil tes masing-masing kelas. Instrumen tes disusun berdasarkan indikator keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pengujian hipotesis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji ANACOVA. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai sig. (p) = 0,000 < 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kasus berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa

A mechatronics approach to develop STEM accessibility tools for visually impaired students

This paper is focusing on how to develop a suitable educational platform for visually impaired students to access STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) learning materials without depending any printed materials. It is a challenge for the visually impaired students to learn STEM subjects because visual information. The first part of this paper will be an overview about the visually impaired students and also their challenges in STEM learning. The next part will be an overview on the invention of learning kits, devices and technology to help the visually impaired students to access knowledge and information as well as for STEM learning. Finally, we proposed with our concept of tactile display device that can be used for STEM teaching and learning for visually impaired students based on Mechatronics approach. Currently, we have developed a system that can create and process digital images to be displayed in tactile graphic format and it is supported with a GUI system. In this paper, we have demonstrated our initial concept prototype. In future, the system will be adapted to any platform or devices that can display tactile graphics

Clients Satisfactions In ISO Certified Health Clinic In Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor And Its Associated Factors

Background : All healthcare services are moving towards quality management system including ISO 9000 due to pressure from various stakeholders involves and also to improve healthcare quality. The objective of this study was to measure the satisfaction level among the outpatients in ISO Certified Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor. Also to identify the relations of patient’s satisfaction with the sociodemographic factors and service dimensions such as general satisfactions, technical quality of clinic staffs, interpersonal aspect of clinic staffs, time with doctors, communications with clinic staffs and availability/accessibility of clinic. Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried out from February 2008 to Jun 2008 and a total of 240 respondents in the clinic were selected using universal sampling. Only those who are Malaysians aged 18 and above and complied with the inclusions criteria’s were selected as the respondents to fill up the Patient’s Satisfaction Questionnaire III. Result : The study found that the satisfaction level of the respondents in Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor were remarkable with 78.8%.It has been shown that the predictor factors of total patient’s satisfaction were general satisfaction (AOR=5.06, CI= 1.51-16.96), technical quality of clinic staff (AOR = 3.09, CI= 1.13-8.43), interpersonal aspect of clinic staff (AOR = 2.96,CI= 1.04-8.42), availability/accessibility of clinic (AOR = 9.38, CI= 9.37-87.95) and communication of clinic staff ( AOR=17.90, CI=3.74-85.73) with the R2 = 67.7%. Conclusion : The satisfaction level among the respondents in Klinik Kesihatan Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor were remarkable with percentages of 78.8%. The study has shown that service dimensions factor influenced the patient’s satisfaction such as general satisfaction, interpersonal aspect of staff, communication of staff, technical quality of clinic staff and availability/accessibility of clinic. It could have also been contributed by the implementation of ISO and it can only be confirmed by carrying out a comparison study of patient’s satisfaction in clinics with and without ISO certification

Corporate culture and health care organization

Each organization has a particular culture, due to personal interactions, with certain values shared by its members. Corporate culture is defined as ‘the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments’. Positive corporate culture is linked to increased staff alignment, advanced level of employee commitment, increased employee productivity, enhanced organizational effectiveness and increased profitability. Researchers claimed that most studies suggesting the associations between culture and performance are methodologically weak. Cultural transformation has been a big part of NHS reforms and health system redesign in United States to deliver improvements in quality and performance. Environment, market competition, technology advancement, information age and government policies will influence the cultural change within the organization. Undesirable culture might emerge if the organization does not act appropriately to manage its corporate culture. There are six critical success factors for the implementation of corporate culture changes: committed and effective leadership, clear definition of the desired goals, rigorous implementation of a change management model, effective mitigation of change resistance, active governance structure and a design model, and effective communication. Among the issues in implementing corporate culture within healthcare organizations are middle managers dilemma, cultural diversity and subcultures within the organization, size of healthcare organization and critical mass

Clinical pathway as a strategy in improving healthcare quality and cost containment

The increasing health care cost and public awareness on the delivery of high quality services has forced healthcare service providers to look into the healthcare delivery system. Clinical Pathway (CP) has been introduced in many hospitals and has been accepted as a beneficial tool in assisting healthcare organizations worldwide. Further, the CP also provides consistently high quality and coordinates services with minimum resources. It is proven to be a beneficial tool in other countries. CP is recently being introduced into the Malaysian healthcare system. The aim of this article was to high-light the benefits of CP in improving healthcare quality and controlling the medical cost. The relevant articles have been reviewed. The majority of literature reviewed con-cluded that there were positive effects in implementing CP. The CP was found to be significant in reducing length of stay and medical cost. The introduction of evidence based medicine, clinical outcomes, clinical audit, multidisciplinary communication, teamwork and care planning were also improved by CP. The challenges for healthcare providers and healthcare managers are to participate and be fully committed in path-way development and implementation in order to improve healthcare quality and cost contro

Importance of economic evaluation in health care decision making

Introduction : Economic evaluations can provide “value-for money” information to those making decisions about the allocation of limited health care resources. In particular, economic evaluations can be used to identify interventions that are worth providing and those that are not. Furthermore, evaluations can be used with other approaches to help set priorities, such as program-budgeting marginal-analysis. Methodology : Compile and systematically describe from the publications, articles and reports on economic evaluation in healthcare decision making. Result : A high quality economic evaluation should provide decision makers with information that is useful, relevant, and timely. In addition, evaluations should be based on rigorous analytical methods, be balanced and impartial (credible), and be transparent and accessible to the reader. There are many situations where economic evaluations can assist decision makers: decisions by various levels of government or administrative bodies (e.g., regional health authorities, hospitals, drug plans) to fund a program, service or technology, pricing decisions by government regulators and technology manufacturers, clinical practice guidelines, priorities for research funding by governments and research-based firms, post-marketing surveillance and updates of economic information based on the use of the technology in the “real world” (which can then be used to inform one of the other types of decisions). Discussion and Conclusion : This requires that decision makers take a broad view of the impact of a technology, and decision that are more explicit and transparent. The ultimate test of an evaluation is whether it leads to better decision in the presence of uncertainty, and results in the more efficient and effective use of resources

Holistic approach in cholera outbreak: the Petaling experience

A cholera outbreak reported at the end of June 2001, from the Midlands Estate Petaling gave rise to three (3) cases and fifteen (15) carriers identified. An investigation was conducted to understand the epidemiological characteristic, identify the source of the outbreak and effective control measures. Upon notification, quick and prompt actions were taken including active case detection. Nine hundred and fifty (950) contacts of the whole estate and neighbouring population and one hundred and forty-four (144) food handlers were examined and rectal swabs were taken. Daily morbidity data were colleted and recorded for analysis. Disinfections spraying, inspection of drinking water supply, sewage disposal and vector survey was done. Twenty-two (22) and thirty-seven (37) water and food samples respectively together with twelve (12) environmental swabs were taken for Vibrio cholarae analysis. To control the outbreak comprehensively, several relevant agencies were consulted to participate actively as one team in combating the outbreak. The Selangor State Exco and the Head of State were also very committed in tackling the disease. Shah Alam City Council, Indah Water Consortium, Selangor State Economic Development Coporation, Selangor Water Department, and Alam Flora were directed to act swiftly with Selangor State Health Department and Petaling District Health Office to upgrade the infrastructure facilities and the sanitary hygiene in that area. Potable water supply, proper disposal of waste and sewage system were temporarily installed. The residents were also promised by the authorities to be shifted to nearby low- cost housing scheme in a month’s time. Concurrently, activities on active case detection and a health education programmed are continuously conducted to ensure that the outbreak is being contained. Lectures, dialogues session, counseling and distribution of health education materials were carried out to ensure that the people understand the disease. During this one-week outbreak, three (3) cases and fifteen (15) carriers were identified. The fifteen (15) carriers were identified through active case detection. Both cases and carriers were that of Vibrio cholarae serotype Ogawa. No death was reported. A total of thirty-three (33) food premises were closed under the Communicable Disease Control Act 1988. The environmental swab taken from the rubber band covering a leakage from the main pipe was positive for Vibrio cholarae. This pipe supplies the drinking water to the residents in the estate. This outbreak was primarily due to poor and inadequate infrastructure that led to cross contamination between the drinking water and the sewage system. Effective and comprehensive preventive and control measures was taken to contain this outbreak within the estate, implicating the importance of thorough investigation and active case detection together with the sustainable networking and commitment between the various agencies

The Malaysian health reform in primary health care services

Introduction : Family Health Development Division is one of the earliest divisions in Public Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia. The division has progressed each year with the extension and expansion of the scopes of services since the establishment of Maternal and Child Health Unit in 1956. The services currently include school children, adolescent, adult and elderly health and also known as life-course perspective: from womb to tomb. Objectives : The objective is to elaborate and explain the reformation of primary health care services implemented in the past and present. Methods : The methodology applied is compilation, data review and comparison from annual report, action plan report, articles, speeches, specialists and stake holder view. Results : The focus of Primary Health Care Service is covering health promotion, disease prevention, early detection and treatment, acute disease care, disease limitation and rehabilitation, clinical support services and teleprimary care. The reformation is caused by factors such as globalization, modernization, growth of health market, emergence and re-emergence of diseases, and development of medical technology. Three health fields that have underwent and under going reformation are concept and wellness practise in primary healthcare, primary healthcare clinical support services development and primary healthcare informatics development. The outcome of these reformations is the increment of service quality and outstanding services for patients and health staffs. Conclusion : Health reformation in primary healthcare is greatly needed to give excellent services for primary health care for today and future