Genetic diversity in Brassica oleracea L. (Cruciferae) and wild relatives (2n = 18) using RAPD markers

This paper presents the evaluation of genetic diversity in 29 populations of wild taxa of the Brassica oleracea L. group (2n = 18) and two cultivars, using RAPDs as molecular markers. In a previous paper (Lazaro and Aguinagalde, Annals of Botany 82 000-00, 1998), 11 isozymes were used for the same purpose. Results obtained with the two molecular markers (isozymes and RAPDs) are compared. DNA from ten individuals per population was analysed using six different primers; the 151 detected bands were polymorphic, 11 were common to all species, six to all taxa, only one to every population; and no bands were shared by every individual. The dendrogram obtained using genetic distances clusters B. oleracea populations with B. bourgeaui, B. alboglabra, B. montana and B. incana. B. insularis, B. macrocarpa, B. villosa and B. rupestris populations form another cluster. Populations of B. cretica and B. hilarionis form the third cluster. Genetic diversity in B. oleracea populations, the B. rupestris complex and B. cretica subspecies was estimated using the AMOVA programme; the latter was the most diverse

Genetic variation among Spanish pea landraces revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers Its application to establish a core collection

One hundred and twenty Spanish landraces of peas (Pisum sativum L.) collected in different microclimatic areas, together with three commercial varieties and one breeding line, were subjected to molecular characterization using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) amplification. Landraces originated from 7 to 1427m asl. Most accessions were collected in temperate areas with dry Mediterranean humidity regimes. ISSR markers detected high levels of variability between accessions and were useful for identification of individuals and clarification of genetic relationships between them. The 18 groups obtained with molecular data were not significantly related to 21 agro/climatic regions. Clustering based on climatic and ISSR characters differed because the data types present different aspects of genetic diversity. These results will be applied to establish a pea core collection at the Plant Genetic Resources Centre of the Spanish National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (CRF-INIA). © 2006 Cambridge University Press

Genetic diversity in Brassica oleracea l. (Cruciferae) and wild relatives (2 = 18) using isozymes

Genetic diversity in 36 populations of wild taxa of the Brassica oleracea L. group (2n = 18) and two cultivated forms was studied using isozyme variation at 11 loci for five enzyme systems (IDH, 6-PGD, PGM, PGI, MDH). Mean values for the percentage of polymorphic loci and expected heterozygosity were 54% and 0-224, respectively. Statistically significant differences among allele frequencies were found with the 6-PGD isozyme system. Intrapopulational genetic diversity was 67% while interpopulational genetic diversity was only 33%. The dendrogram obtained, using genetic distances among taxa, snowed three different groups. With the exception of B. incana, they agree to the already accepted relationships among the 14 taxa studied the West Mediterranean group, with B. oleracea, B. alboglabra, B. bourgeaui and B. incana; another group of species growing in the central Mediterranean area, which includes B. villosa, B. villosa subsp. drepanensis, B. rupestris, B. macrocarpa (the four taxa together with B. incana are considered the B. rupeslris group) and B. niontana; and finally the Aegean group, which includes the three subspecies of B. cretica. Clearly separated were B. insularis and B. hilarionis, showing the maximum genetic distance. Separate dendrograms were also obtained for B. oleracea, B. nwnlana, B. cretica and B. rupestris group, and genetic diversity parameters were estimated. Genetic distances among B. oleracea populations are in the same range as populations of the B. cretica subspecies. Highest genetic distances were found among populations of the B. rupestris group. ©1998 Annals of Botany Company

Fingerprinting and genetic variability in cork oak (Quercus suber L.) elite trees using ISSR and SSR markers

Quercus suber L.;is a socially, economically and ecologically important forest species in rural areas of the Mediterranean basin. Fifty three elite-trees from nine stands of four provenance regions in the Community of Extremadura (Spain) were analysed with the aim to establish their DNA-fingerprinting and the genetic relationships among them. Two types of molecular markers, microsatellites and intermicrosatellites, were used for tree genotyping. Microsatellite markers could distinguish 94% of the trees. Observed and expected heterozygosities, and effective number of alleles were correlated with the polymorphism information content (PIC). Intermicrosatellite patterns were used to construct a dendrogram. They showed high levels of genetic diversity in these elite trees, without any clear relationship with provenance regions. Both types of markers detected a high level of intra-stand variability, which is common in Quercus species, probably due to its mating system, the low distance among stands and the small size of stands. Others factors that could affect this result, such as introgression between Q. suber L.;Q. ilex L.;are also commented. The high level of genetic variability detected in these elite trees can be useful for improvement programs. Also the usefulness of SSR and ISSR markers to establish the DNA-fingerprinting of each tree could be focused to select clonal lines of commercial interest. © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2007

Creation of a multidisciplinary and multicenter study group for the use of 3D printing in general thoracic surgery: lessons learned in our first year experience

Introduction: In recent years, the use of 3D printing in medicine has grown exponentially, but the use of 3D technology has not been equally adopted by the different medical specialties. Published 3D printing activity in general thoracic surgery is scarce and has been mostly limited to case reports. The aim of this report was to reflect on the results and lessons learned from a newly created multidisciplinary and multicenter 3D unit of the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT). Methods: This is a pilot study to determine the feasibility and usefulness of printing 3D models for patients with thoracic malignancy or airway complications, based on real data. We designed a point-of-care 3D printing workflow involving thoracic surgeons, radiologists with experience in intrathoracic pathology, and engineers with experience in additive manufacturing. Results: In the first year of operation we generated 26 three-dimensional models out of 27 cases received (96.3%). In 9 cases a virtual model was sufficient for optimal patient handling, while in 17 cases a 3D model was printed. Per pathology, cases were classified as airway stenosis after lung transplantation (7 cases, 25.9%), tracheal pathology (7 cases, 25.9%), chest tumors (6 cases, 22.2%) carcinoid tumors (4 cases, 14.8%), mediastinal tumors (2 cases, 7.4%) and Pancoast tumors (one case, 3.7%). Conclusion: A multidisciplinary 3D laboratory is feasible in a hospital setting, and working as a multicenter group increases the number of cases and diversity of pathologies thus providing further opportunity to study the benefits of the 3D printing technology in general thoracic surgery

Creation of a multidisciplinary and multicenter study group for the use of 3D printing in general thoracic surgery: lessons learned in our first year experience

Jon Zabaleta,1 Borja Aguinagalde,1 Iker López,1 Stephany M Laguna,1 Mikel Mendoza,2 Ainhoa Galardi,2 Luis Matey,3,4 Andrea Larrañaga,4 Gorka Baqueriza,5 Ander Izeta61Thoracic surgery service, Donostia University Hospital, IIS Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain; 2Radiology service, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; 3Additive Manufacturing, Ceit-IK4, San Sebastian, Spain; 4School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; 5Additive Manufacturing, Tknika-Basque Centre of Research and Applied Innovation in Vocational Education and Training; 6Tissue Engineering Group, IIS Biodonostia, San Sebastian, SpainIntroduction: In recent years, the use of 3D printing in medicine has grown exponentially, but the use of 3D technology has not been equally adopted by the different medical specialties. Published 3D printing activity in general thoracic surgery is scarce and has been mostly limited to case reports. The aim of this report was to reflect on the results and lessons learned from a newly created multidisciplinary and multicenter 3D unit of the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgery (SECT).Methods: This is a pilot study to determine the feasibility and usefulness of printing 3D models for patients with thoracic malignancy or airway complications, based on real data. We designed a point-of-care 3D printing workflow involving thoracic surgeons, radiologists with experience in intrathoracic pathology, and engineers with experience in additive manufacturing.Results: In the first year of operation we generated 26 three-dimensional models out of 27 cases received (96.3%). In 9 cases a virtual model was sufficient for optimal patient handling, while in 17 cases a 3D model was printed. Per pathology, cases were classified as airway stenosis after lung transplantation (7 cases, 25.9%), tracheal pathology (7 cases, 25.9%), chest tumors (6 cases, 22.2%) carcinoid tumors (4 cases, 14.8%), mediastinal tumors (2 cases, 7.4%) and Pancoast tumors (one case, 3.7%).Conclusion: A multidisciplinary 3D laboratory is feasible in a hospital setting, and working as a multicenter group increases the number of cases and diversity of pathologies thus providing further opportunity to study the benefits of the 3D printing technology in general thoracic surgery.Keywords: 3d printing, thoracic surgery, multidisciplinary group, preoperative stud