Human Pappilomavirus Genotype in Cervical Tissue of Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3

Objectives: to determine the genotype of HPV in patients with precancerous lesions of cervical tissue.Materials and Methods: An observational study with cross sectional study of patients paraffin block CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 was conducted in Dr Soetomo Hospital. HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin blocks, then performed PCR and genotyping of HPV. The sample consisted of 28 patients with cervical tissue paraffin blocks CIN1, CIN2 and CIN3. Patients aged between 26-74 years (standard deviation 10,12).Results: HPV genotypes that infect patients with CIN1 were HPV16 and 18, CIN2 were HPV16 and 52 and CIN3 were HPV16, 67, and combined infection HPV16/67 and HPV52/67. HPV genotypes in a single infection were 26/28 (HPV16, HPV18, HPV52 and HPV67), and multiple infections were 2/28 (HPV16/67 and HPV52/67).Conclusion: The most dominant HPV genotypes infect patients with precancerous lesions of the cervix were HPV16, HPV67, HPV52, and HPV18

Experimental and natural infections of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 in pets and wild and farm animals

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has led to extremely high mortality rates. In addition to infecting humans, this virus also has infected animals. Experimental studies and natural infections showed that dogs have a low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas domesticated cats and other animals in the family Felidae, such as lions, tigers, snow leopards, and cougars, have a high susceptibility to viral infections. In addition, wild white-tailed deer, gorillas, and otters have been found to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Furry farm animals, such as minks, have a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The virus appears to spread among minks and generate several new mutations, resulting in increased viral virulence. Furthermore, livestock animals, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, were found to have low susceptibility to the virus, whereas chicken, ducks, turkeys, quail, and geese did not show susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge can provide insights for the development of SARSCoV-2 mitigation strategies in animals and humans. Therefore, this review focuses on experimental (both replication and transmission) in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pets and in wild and farm animals, and to provide details on the mechanism associated with natural infection. Copyright: Mastutik, et al

Mozart music stimulation effect on wistar rats’ neurogenesis

Abstract Introduction: Optimal brain development is required to achieve optimal health. Therefore, stimulation is needed to achieve optimal development, and one of the stimulations which can be provided is music stimulation. Several prior investigations have been completed to prove the impact of music stimulation on brain development, whose results still showed both pros and cons. This investigation had the intention of determining musical stimulation's impacts on neurogenesis. Method: Thirty 30 days old male Wistar rats were grouped randomly but equally into experimental and control groups, with 15 rats in each group. The experimental group was exposed for 90 minutes twice a day in 30 constitutive days to Mozart music (Mozart Sonata for two pianos K. 448) with sound pressure levels between 60 and 80 dB. After 30 days, the rats were euthanized. The neurogenesis parameters, such as plasma corticosterone level, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration, and cerebral cortex thickness, were assessed. Result: Rats with Mozart music exposure had considerably lower plasma corticosterone. They had substantially higher BDNF concentration in the hippocampus compared to the control group (p-value 0.049 and 0.040, respectively). Still, no significant effect was found on IGF-1 concentration and cerebral cortex thickness (p-value 0.148 and 0.094, respectively). Conclusion: The brain development process requires stimulation, and Mozart's music is proven to be an alternative to stimulations provided for brain development