Opinions of Educational Administration Academicians on the Future of the Teacher Training System in Turkey

The goal of this research is to do an ontological and epistemological analysis of current situation and future problematic areas in terms of organizational extents, of the operation of educational processes, and of the history and social bases of teacher training by analyzing the current situation of the teacher training system in Turkey, and thus, shedding light to the future of the teacher training system. In this research, qualitative research method was used and the phenomenological method was adopted. To determine the participants, purposeful sampling and relevant criterion sampling and maximum variation sampling methods were used. The data of the research was gathered with the semi-structured interview form created by the researcher. The data gathered from the research was examined in detail in terms of organizational extents and the structure of teacher training in Turkey was analyzed as a whole system. With this purpose, by determining the problematic areas of teacher training, education faculties where teachers get their training and programs that provide teacher training were analyzed; the question about how to achieve a unique teacher training structure was discussed and dead-ends of the teacher training system were questioned in terms of their philosophical basis both epistemologically and ontologically. According to the findings of the research, it was seen that there are quantitative and qualitative problems in every dimension of teacher training in Turkey. As a result, considering the own reality of Turkey, it is needed to develop a qualified teacher training system with the solid epistemological and ontological ground in there

Olimpik stil halterde elit ve sub-elit kadın haltercilerin Q-açıları

The aim of this study is to determine the quadriceps femoris muscle angle (Q-angle) of elite and sub-elite female weightlifters, and also to examine the relationship of Q-angle with some physical parameters, training experience and weightlifting performances.Elite weightlifters (EWL) participating in international Olympic style weightlifting championships (n=18) and sub-elite healthy female weightlifters participating in weightlifting championships in National-International Weightlifting Tournaments participated in the research (n=18). The Qangles were determined with a goniometer in the supine position at rest. Also, thigh length (TL), thigh girth (TG), pelvic width (PW) and knee extension-flexion muscle strength were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS program. p< .05 was accepted significantly.No difference was observed between the demographic and anthropometric values of the EWLs and sub-EWLs (except for age; p>.05). It was determined that the right-left Q-angle values of the sub-EWLs (16.67±2.43o and 18.28±2.70o , respectively) were greater than the EWLs (14.56±2.68o ± and 14.94±2.21o , respectively, p<.05, p<.001, respectively). Differences were detected between the right-left Q-angles of sub-EWLs (p<.05). In sub-EWLs, it was observed that the right Q-angle was positively correlated with weightlifting performances and training experience (p<.05).In this study, it was observed that while weightlifting performance increased depending on the elite weightlifting level, the Q-angle decreased.Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit ve sub-elit kadın halter sporcularının quadriseps femoris kas açısını (Q açısı) belirlemek ve ayrıca, Q açısının bazı fiziksel parametreler, spor seviyeleri ve halter performansları ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya uluslararası Olimpik halter şampiyonalarına katılan elit halterciler (EH), (n=18) ve ulusal-uluslararası halter turnuvalarında halter şampiyonalarına katılan sub-elit sağlıklı kadın halterciler (n=18) katılmıştır. Q açıları, sporcular sırtüstü yatar pozisyonunda hareketsizken bir gonyometre ile ölçüldü. Ayrıca, uyluk uzunluğu (UU), uyluk çevresi (UÇ), pelvik genişlik (PG) ve diz ekstansiyon-fleksiyon kas kuvvetleri ölçüldü. İstatistiksel analiz; t-Test, eşleştirilmiş örneklem t-Testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri ile SPSS programıyla yapıldı. p< .05 anlamlı olarak kabul edildi. EH ve sub-EH’lerin demografik ve antropometrik değerleri arasında yaş haricinde fark gözlenmedi (p>.05). Sub-EH'lerin sağ-sol Q açısı değerlerinin (sırasıyla 16,67±2,43o ve 18,28±2,70o ) EH'lerden (sırasıyla 14,56±2,68o ± ve 14,94±2,21o ), p<.05, p<.001, sırasıyla) daha büyük olduğu belirlendi. Sub-EH'lerin sağ-sol Q açıları arasında da farklılıklar tespit edildi (p<.05). SubEH'lerde sağ Q açısının vücut kitle indeksi, sağ UU, sol UÇ, PG, halter performansları ve spor geçmişi ile pozitif ve anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu görüldü (p<.05). Bu araştırmada, elit halter seviyesine bağlı olarak halter performansı artarken, Q açısının azaldığı gözlendi

The Impacts of Elastic Band Training on the Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles of Olympic-Style Weightlifters

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the impacts of elastics band trainings, which were applied for 12 weeks on the Olympic-style weightlifters, on their sportive performances and psoas, ilacus, and quadratus lumborum muscle volumes.Materials and Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of 12 men (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)), and 12 women (elastic band training group (n=6), control group (n=6)) Olympic-style weightlifters. The athletes in the elastic band training groups were engaged in standing hip flexion exercises, clamshell exercises, lying hip flexion exercises, and side bend exercises. Before and after the elastic band training applied to the Olympic-style weightlifters for 12 weeks, (1.5 Tesla) MRI device was used for the axial images of the regions starting from the 12th thoracic vertebrae to the trochanter minor of femur. The volume calculations of the muscles were conducted via the Cavalieri method.Results: After the elastic band training, it was determined that the total volume of posterior abdominal wall muscles of the men and women weightlifters in the elastic band training groups and the total weights lifted by them were higher compared to those of the control group individuals (p<0,001).Conclusion: As the result, it can be stated that including the posterior abdominal wall muscle developing trainings into the general programs of the weightlifters in the Olympic weightlifting sport can both enable an increase in the volumes of the muscles in this region and positively influence the performance of the athletes

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS ANGLE OF ELITE AND NON-ELITE ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC STYLE WEIGHTLIFTING

OBJECTIVE: To find out the quadriceps femoris angle (Q-angle) values of elite and non-elite athletes in Olympic style weightlifting. METHODS: This study included 22 male elite athletes that won medals in international Olympic style weightlifting championships and 22 male non-elite athletes who won medals in national Olympic style weightlifting championships. A goniometer was used to determine the angle of the quadriceps femoris muscle while the athletes were in supine position and the muscle was inactivated.  Anthropometric measurements of right-left thigh and lower leg length, right-left thigh and calf girth, and pelvic width of athletes were obtained. One repetition maximum of snatch, clean and jerk and leg strength of the athletes was recorded. To study demographic characteristics and some anthropometric values of lower extremity of the athletes, t-Test was conducted for independent groups. To compare anthropometric measurements of right-left lower extremity and right-left Q-angle values, paired sample t-Test was used. Right-left Q-angle values and relations among other variables were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. SPSS was used for all analyses. RESULTS: Mean age was 19.73±2.97 years and 18.73±1.55 years for of elite and non-elite athletes respectively. No significant difference was observed in demographic characteristics and in some anthropometric values of lower extremity of elite and non-elite athletes (p>0.05). However, right-left Q-angle values of non-elite athletes (10.14±1.55o and 10.14±1.52o, respectively) were higher than the right-left Q-angle values of elite athletes (8.32±1.39o and 8.32±1.32o, respectively) [p<0.003]. CONCLUSIONS: Olympic style weightlifting, which is maintained in elite level, affects the quadriceps femoris angle

The relative age effect in the European Weightlifting Championships 2015-2019 (male and female) Effetto dell'eta relativa nei campionati europei di sollevamento pesi 2015-2019 (uomini e donne)

WOS:000925780600007In terms of sporting activities, the relative age effect means the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes who were born closer to the beginning of the year of selection corresponding to other athletes within the same age category. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative age effect on male and female athletes Olympic weightlifting athletes that participated in the European Weightlifting Championships from 2015 to 2019. Moreover, the study also aims to find out the birthdate quarter of elite athletes who ranked in the first three medalists in the championships METHODS: This study examines the relative age effect on male (N.=1931) and female (N.=1514) weightlifting athletes who participated in the European Weightlifting Championships from 2015 to 2019 held by the European Weightlifting Federation. A traditional approach to analyze the data and to study the relative age effects is to cat(October to December). To analyze the distribution of the participants by quarter, the Chi-square test was used. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS: In male under 15 and youth age category, the rate of athletes born in the Q1 was observed to be higher than the rates of athletes born in the Q2, Q3 and Q4. In female groups, the rate of under 15 born in the Q2 was higher than the rate of the athletes born in the Q4 and the athletes born in the Q2 in junior age category was found to be higher than the rates of Q1, Q3 and Q4. It was also observed that the male athletes in under15 category that ranked in the first three medalists in weightlifting championships were born in the Q1, whereas the female athletes in junior category ranking in the first three medalists were born in the Q2.CONCLUSIONS: From our study findings, it was found that, irrespective of body weight categories, the relative age effects exist in both male (except junior and senior categories) and female weightlifting athletes (except youth and (Cite this article as: Isik B, Erdagi K. The relative age effect in the European Weightlifting Championships 2015-2019 (male and female). Med Sport 2022;75:546-59. DOI: 10.23736/S0025-7826.22.04182-5

On a Place Name in Urartian Studies and a new Inscription with an Urartian Expression: qudulani šuḫinaşi

Focusing on two main issues, this article first deals with the name and location of the village of Anguzek/Güsak (Topuzarpa) on the Bergri/Muradiye Plain where Urartian inscriptions have been discovered; there are various suggestions about its identification. The second issue is an inscription of the Urartian king Minua (810-785/80 BCE), which we found during the surface survey we conducted in this village in 2017. This new inscription, as well as the inscriptions discovered here in the late 19th century by Waldemar Belck, must have been taken off the walls of the susi (tower temple) in the Pértak (Körzüt) Fortress, which was the largest Urartian investment on the Muradiye Plain, and brought to Anguzek. The text from the newly found inscription is concerned with the ritual of animal sacrifice for the Urartian national God Haldi and his consort ˊArubaini (reading Warubani) in relation to the susi temple. The expression qudulani šuḫinaşi that is mentioned in the text can be interpreted as “the renewal or repetition of a ritual” that was particular to the susi temple. Although we do not know the exact content of this ritual for now, we know about the lambs (UDU.MAŠ.TUR) sacrificed to the Urartian gods

The study of the cross-sectional areas of the gluteal muscles on magnetic resonance images of the weightlifting athletes

M. gluteus maximus is the most important extensor and lateral rotator of the hip. It is often used to accelerate the body upward and forward from a position of hip flexion. Mm. glutei medius and minimus are referred to as small gluteal muscles. Both muscles are the most important abductors and medial rotators of the thigh. Their action stabilises the hip during standing and walking and prevents the tilting of the pelvis to the contralateral side while standing on one leg. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional areas of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles on magnetic resonance images of olympic style weightlifting athletes (male n = 15, age: 20.00±2.54, height: 1.73±0.54 m, weight: 78.70±14.96 kg; female n = 12, age: 20.75±1.49, height: 1.60±0.64 m, weight: 57.37±8.30 kg) and sedentary individuals (male n = 15, age: 19.9±2.15, height: 1.74±0.53 m, weight: 79±15 kg; female n = 12, age: 20.75±1.36, height: 1.60±0.058 m, weight: 56.68±7.64 kg). The cross-sectional areas of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles were assessed bilaterally using magnetic resonance imaging. It was observed that the cross-sectional areas of the right and left gluteus maximus of male weightlifting athletes were larger than those of sedentary males (z(28)= 2.013, p< .05, z(28)= 1.991, p < .05; respectively). Similarly, it was also found that that the cross-sectional areas of the right and left gluteus maximus of female weightlifting athletes were larger than those of sedentary females (z(22)= 3.296, p< .001, z(22)= 3.726, p [removed].05). It might be stated that olympic style weightlifting trainings have a hypertrophic effect on the cross-sectional area of the gluteus maximus muscle of the athletes

The study of relative age effects on weightlifting athletes in U15 and youth age groups

Within the sporting scope, the relative age effects refer to the possible advantages of participation and performance of athletes born in the first months of the year of selection in relation to others within the same age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative age effects by comparing athletes in different body weight categories in the Under 15 (U-15) and youth age group athletes (males and females) in weightlifting. By using retrospective competition data from the Turkish Weightlifting Federation database, a total of 954 Olympic-style weightlifters (U15 and Youth age groups), 605 males and 349 females), who competed in the Turkish Weightlifting Championships between 2018 and 2019, were included in this study. The data on the birthdates of the athletes were divided into four quarters. The athletes were divided into three subset weight classes. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. In males, the relative age effects were determined in lightweight athletes in the under 15 age group (χ²(3)= 10.00, p.05). It can be stated that weightlifting athletes, under 15 age and youth age groups (except youth females), born in the first quarter of the year have a higher chance of success in athletic performance