Anti-allergic effect of luteolin in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis

Abstract Aim of the study : Results: after the oVa challenge, the number of eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BaL fluid was significantly increased in group B, compared to group a (p < 0.001). mice in group C had no significant difference (p > 0.05). on the other hand, group D showed a significant decrease in all inflammatory cells compared to group B (p < 0.05). also, group D showed a significant decrease in iL-4, iL-5 and iL-13 in their lung homogenate compared to groups B and C (p < 0.05). group D also showed a significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration after luteolin treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Luteolin had an anti-allergic effect in a murine model of allergic asthma and rhinitis

Video-assisted thoracic surgery sleeve resection and bronchoplasty using 3D imaging system: its safety and efficacy

Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery sleeve resection with bronchial anastomosis or bronchoplasty is a technically demanding procedure. Three-dimensional endoscopic surgery has been reported to be helpful in decreasing operation time and improving spatial perception with less surgical errors, but there have been rare reports about relatively difficult thoracoscopic procedures utilizing 3D thoracoscope. We performed this study to evaluate early clinical outcomes of thoracoscopic sleeve resection and bronchoplasty utilizing 3D thoracoscope. Methods Data from a total of 36 patients who underwent thoracoscopic sleeve lobectomy or bronchoplasty at our institution from December 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Three-port approach with one utility incision was used with a 10 mm, 30° three-dimensional thoracoscope. Twenty-three patients (81%) were male, and mean age was 65.9 ± 9.4 years. Fourteen patients (38.9%) underwent sleeve resection with bronchial anastomosis, 22 (61.1%) underwent wedge or simple bronchoplasty, and one patient received concomitant PA procedure. Bronchial anastomosis sites were not covered with viable tissue flaps. Results There was no (0%) suture needle injury from spatial misperception during bronchoplasty or sleeve anastomosis. There was no (0%) operative mortality. The pathologic report revealed squamous cell carcinoma (63.9%), adenocarcinoma (19.4%), carcinoid (6.9%), adenosquamous carcinoma (3.4%), and sarcomatoid carcinoma (2.8%). One (2.8%) late mortality was due to systemic recurrence of sarcomatoid carcinoma. There was no (0.0%) anastomotic failure. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes were 27.4 ± 13.2, and mean operation time was 216.8 ± 60.0 min. Median postoperative 24-h drain amount was 315 mL. Median chest tube days and hospital days were 4 and 6, respectively. Two patients (5.6%) had complications greater than Clavien-Dindo grade II—one case of ARDS, and the other case of a delayed bronchopleural fistula. Conclusions Thoracoscopic sleeve resection and bronchoplasty utilizing HD 3D thoracoscope is a safe and effective procedure with excellent early clinical outcomes. Further investigation for long-term outcomes will be needed

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Macrolide Resistance Genes of β-Hemolytic Viridans Group Streptococci in a Tertiary Korean Hospital

The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibilities and macrolide resistance mechanisms of β-hemolytic viridans group streptococci (VGS) in a tertiary Korean hospital. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antimicrobials were determined for 103 β-hemolytic VGS isolated from various specimens. The macrolide resistance mechanisms of erythromycin-resistant isolates were studied by the double disk test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall resistance rates of β-hemolytic VGS were found to be 47.5% to tetracycline, 3.9% to chloramphenicol, 9.7% to erythromycin, and 6.8% to clindamycin, whereas all isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin. Among ten erythromycin-resistant isolates, six isolates expressed a constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) phenotype, and each of the two isolates expressed the M phenotype, and the inducible MLSB (iMLSB) phenotype. The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin of β-hemolytic VGS seemed to be lower than those of non-β-hemolytic VGS in our hospital, although cMLSB phenotype carrying erm(B) was dominant in β-hemolytic VGS

A Role of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential 5 Channel in Neuronal Differentiation from A2B5 Neural Progenitor Cells

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels are the main pathway of Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells such as neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, the role of SOCE channels has not been defined in the neuronal differentiation from NPCs. Here, we show that canonical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) as SOCE channel influences the induction of the neuronal differentiation of A2B5+ NPCs isolated from postnatal-12-day rat cerebrums. The amplitudes of SOCE were significantly higher in neural cells differentiated from proliferating A2B5+ NPCs and applications of SOCE blockers, 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborane (2-APB), and ruthenium red (RR), inhibited their rise of SOCE. Among TRPC subtypes (TRPC1-7), marked expression of TRPC5 and TRPC6 with turned-off TRPC1 expression was observed in neuronal cells differentiated from proliferating A2B5+ NPCs. TRPC5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the neuronal differentiation from A2B5+ NPCs and reduced the rise of SOCE. In contrast, TRPC6 siRNA had no significant effect on the neuronal differentiation from A2B5+ NPCs. These results indicate that calcium regulation by TRPC5 would play a key role as a switch between proliferation and neuronal differentiation from NPCs

Suppression of osteopontin inhibits chemically induced hepatic carcinogenesis by induction of apoptosis in mice

Previous clinical reports have found elevated osteopontin (OPN) levels in tumor tissues to be indicative of greater malignancy in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of OPN on carcinogenesis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the oncogenic role of OPN in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. The overall incidence of hepatic tumors at 36 weeks was significantly lower in OPN knockout (KO) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Apoptosis was significantly enhanced in OPN KO mice, and was accompanied by the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the in vitro study, OPN suppression also led to lower mRNA and protein levels of EGFR associated with the downregulation of c-Jun in Hep3B and Huh7 human HCC cells lines, which resulted in increased apoptotic cell death in both cell lines. Moreover, a positive correlation was clearly identified between the expression of OPN and EGFR in human HCC tissues. These data demonstrate that the OPN deficiency reduced the incidence of chemically induced HCC by suppressing EGFR-mediated antiapoptotic signaling. An important implication of our findings is that OPN positively contributes to hepatic carcinogenesis.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201614207RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:F001304CITE_RATE:5.008DEPT_NM:의학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

Radiosensitization with combined use of olaparib and PI-103 in triple-negative breast cancer

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) shows aggressive clinical behavior, but the treatment options are limited due to lack of a specific target. TNBC shares many clinical and pathological similarities with BRCA-deficient breast cancer, for which poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is effective, but PARP inhibitor alone failed to show clinical effects in patients with sporadic TNBC. Radiation induces DNA double-strand breaks, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been known to regulate steady-state levels of homologous recombination. A recent preclinical study showed that PI3K inhibition impairs BRCA1/2 expression and sensitizes BRCA-proficient TNBC to PARP inhibition. Therefore, we assessed the radiosensitizing effect, and the underlying mechanism of combination treatment with PARP inhibitor olaparib and PI3K inhibitor PI-103 in BRCA-proficient TNBC cells. Methods MDA-MB-435S cells were divided into four treatment groups, irradiation (IR) alone, olaparib plus IR, PI-103 plus IR, and olaparib plus PI-103 plus IR. Cells were exposed to the drugs for 2 hours prior to irradiation, and the cell survival curve was obtained using a clonogenic assay. Western blotting and immunofluorescent detection of γH2AX foci were performed. Xenograft and bioluminescence imaging were carried out to assess in vivo radiosensitivity. Results Combined use of olaparib and PI-103 enhanced radiation-induced death of MDA-MB-435S (sensitizer enhancement ratio[SER]0.05,1.7) and MDA-MB-231-BR (SER0.05,2.1) cells and significantly reduced tumor volume in a xenograft models (P < 0.001). Treatment with PI-103 showed persistent γH2AX foci, indicating delayed repair of DNA strand breaks. PI-103 alone increased levels of poly(ADP-ribose) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and downregulated BRCA1. Conclusions Combined use of olaparib and PI-103 enhanced radiation-induced cell death in BRCA-proficient MDA-MB-435S and MDA-MB-231-BR cells and xenografts. TNBC patients have high incidences of locoregional relapse and distant metastasis, and radiation therapy targets both locoregional control and treatment of distant recurrences such as brain metastasis or other oligometastasis. Targeting of the PI3K signaling pathway combined with PARP inhibition maybe a feasible approach to enhance effects of radiation in BRCA-proficient TNBC

Rapid Hepatobiliary Excretion of Micelle-Encapsulated/Radiolabeled Upconverting Nanoparticles as an Integrated Form

In the field of nanomedicine, long term accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) such as liver is the major hurdle in clinical translation. On the other hand, NPs could be excreted via hepatobiliary excretion pathway without overt tissue toxicity. Therefore, it is critical to develop NPs that show favorable excretion property. Herein, we demonstrated that micelle encapsulated Cu-64-labeled upconverting nanoparticles (micelle encapsulated Cu-64-NOTA-UCNPs) showed substantial hepatobiliary excretion by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and also upconversion luminescence imaging (ULI). Ex vivo biodistribution study reinforced the imaging results by showing clearance of 84% of initial hepatic uptake in 72 hours. Hepatobiliary excretion of the UCNPs was also verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. Micelle encapsulated Cu-64-NOTA-UCNPs could be an optimal bimodal imaging agent owing to quantifiability of Cu-64, ability of in vivo/ex vivo ULI and good hepatobiliary excretion property.