Photovoltaic characterisation of GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well devices

A series of strained GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well diodes are characterised to assess the potential of GaAsBi for photovoltaic applications. The devices are compared with strained and strain-balanced InGaAs based devices. The dark currents of the GaAsBi based devices are around 20 times higher than those of the InGaAs based devices. The GaAsBi devices that have undergone significant strain relaxation have dark currents that are a further 10–20 times higher. Quantum efficiency measurements show the GaAsBi devices have a lower energy absorption edge and stronger absorption than the strained InGaAs devices. These measurements also indicate incomplete carrier extraction from the GaAsBi based devices at short circuit, despite the devices having a relatively low background doping. This is attributed to hole trapping within the quantum wells, due to the large valence band offset of GaAsBi

GaAsBi: An Alternative to InGaAs Based Multiple Quantum Well Photovoltaics

A series of GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well p-i-n diodes are characterized using IV, photocurrent and illuminated IV measurements. The results are compared to an InGaAs/GaAsP multiple quantum well control device of a design that has demonstrated excellent performance in triple junction photovoltaics. The extended absorption of the GaAsBi/GaAs devices, compared to that of the InGaAs/GaAsP device, suggests that GaAsBi/GaAs could present a viable alternative to InGaAs/GaAsP for quad junction photovoltaics

“You only get back what you put in”: perceptions of professional sport organizations as community anchors

The following study investigates consumer/fan perceptions concerning the role that professional sport organizations should play within their communities. Using level of fandom and club affiliation as variables, the paper explores the way in which consumer expectations and perceptions of corporate social responsibility are mediated and impacted. A total of 2107 individuals participated in the study. The findings demonstrate the significance of the sport organization as a support network or “social anchor,” for instance, through its involvement in mentoring youth, promoting sport participation, and community outreach. Respondents’ comments were diverse; some suggested a desire for greater club community relations, while others questioned the necessity to deviate away from the sport organizations’ key focus, seeing community outreach as secondary and peripheral. In spite of these perspectives, the study findings underline the expectations placed on professional sport organizations as social anchors, helping preserve as well as reinforce their community relations