Vascular phenotype in angiogenic and non-angiogenic lung non-small cell carcinomas

We have previously described a group of non-small cell lung carcinomas without morphological evidence of neo-angiogenesis. In these tumours neoplastic cells fill up the alveoli and the only vessels present appear to belong to the trapped alveolar septa. In the present study we have characterised the phenotype of the vessels present in these non-angiogenic tumours, in normal lung and in angiogenic non-small cell lung carcinomas. The vessels, identified by the expression of CD31, were scored as mature when expressing the epitope LH39 in the basal membrane and as newly formed when expressing αVβ3 on the endothelial cells and/or lacking LH39 expression. In the nine putative non-angiogenic cases examined, the vascular phenotype of all the vessels was the same as that of alveolar vessels in normal lung: LH39 positive and αVβ3 variable or negative. Instead in 104 angiogenic tumours examined, only a minority of vessels (mean 13.1%; range 0–60%) expressed LH39, while αVβ3 (in 45 cases) was strongly expressed on many vessels (mean 55.5%; range 5–90%). We conclude that in putative non-angiogenic tumours the vascular phenotype is that of normal vessels and there is no neo-angiogenesis. This type of cancer may be resistant to some anti-angiogenic therapy and different strategies need to be developed

Characteristics of the Nial/Ni3al Matrix Composite With Tib2 Particles Fabricated By High Pressure – High Temperature Sintering

The article presents the results of tests carried out on the manufactured composite materials based on a two-phase NiAl/Ni3Al matrix, which was enriched with the addition of TiB2 ceramic particles added in an amount of 4 and 7 vol%. The resulting mixtures were sintered by the High Pressure High Temperature (HP-HT) process. The results were compared to the results obtained for the sole matrix material produced under the same conditions. It has been shown that, at a lower density, the addition of reinforcing particles increases the composite hardness, Young’s modulus and resistance to frictional wear. However, higher addition of TiB2 (7 vol%) was observed to yield less satisfactory results, and despite higher hardness and lower density caused a decrease in other properties tested. The produced materials were characterized by a compact and highly differentiated microstructure free from any noticeable cracks and pores

Characteristics of the NiAl/Ni3Al Matrix Composite with TiB2 Particles Fabricated by High Pressure - High Temperature Sintering

The article presents the results of tests carried out on the manufactured composite materials based on a two-phase NiAl/Ni3Al matrix, which was enriched with the addition of TiB2 ceramic particles added in an amount of 4 and 7 vol%. The resulting mixtures were sintered by the High Pressure High Temperature (HP-HT) process. The results were compared to the results obtained for the sole matrix material produced under the same conditions. It has been shown that, at a lower density, the addition of reinforcing particles increases the composite hardness, Young’s modulus and resistance to frictional wear. However, higher addition of TiB2 (7 vol%) was observed to yield less satisfactory results, and despite higher hardness and lower density caused a decrease in other properties tested. The produced materials were characterized by a compact and highly differentiated microstructure free from any noticeable cracks and pores

Influence of High Pressure-High Temperature Method on the Selected Mechanical Properties of Steel AISI 316L with 2% TiB2

AISI 316L/TiB2/2p composites were manufactured by HP-HT using different pressures (5 and 7 GPa) and temperatures (900-1300°C), with constant reinforcing particle content 2 vol%. The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated on the basis of hardness (HV0.3) and compression tests (20°C, 10-5 s-1). The results showed that the role of sintering pressure increased with increasing process temperature. At temperatures of 900°C and pressures of 5 and 7 GPa the difference in measured values of compressive strength was 1-2%, while at 1300°C they reached 20%. At constant pressure of 5 GPa, a change in hardness and compressive strength of 40% were obtained with a temperature change of 900 to 1300°C. Changes in mechanical properties in the composite occurred without substantial changes in density, microstructure, reinforcement phase distribution, and phase composition in the matrix

Vascular patterns in reactive lymphoid tissue and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The few studies published on angiogenesis in lymphoma have raised the question of whether or not microvessel density (MVD) is associated with more aggressive disease and have reported the observation that in follicular lymphomas, vessels are mature rather than immature. We investigated MVD and the vascular phenotype within follicular or diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, reactive nodes and tonsils. Vascular phenotype was defined by the expression or loss of reactivity to the antibody LH39 (detecting the LH39 laminin epitope of the basement membrane in mature vessels) and by detection of alpha V beta 3 (expressed on immature vessels). In reactive nodes and in follicular lymphomas, MVD was higher in the paracortex than in germinal centres or in neoplastic follicles. However, in neoplastic follicles an increase in alpha V beta 3-positive endothelium suggested the activation of an angiogenic pathway different from that present in the reactive follicles. In large B-cell lymphomas, MVD was higher than in reactive and neoplastic follicles but lower than in the reactive paracortex. The number of immature vessels (LH39 negative) and of alpha V beta 3-positive vessels was higher than in reactive lymph nodes and follicular lymphoma suggesting that a switch to a different angiogenic pathway has occurred. Finally, we have demonstrated that within reactive and neoplastic follicles vascular regression is occurring, perhaps constraining the growth of reactive follicles alongside other phenomena such as apoptosis. Vascular regression was previously believed to occur in adults only in ovarian and endometrial tissue. We conclude that different types of angiogenesis are present in follicular lymphomas and large B-cell lymphomas. This has implications for possible future therapies

Chlamydophila psittaci-negative ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas express self polyreactive B-cell receptors

Immunobiology of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy of hematological disease