Investigation of the transverse beam dynamics in the thermal wave model with a functional method

We investigated the transverse beam dynamics in a thermal wave model by using a functional method. It can describe the beam optical elements separately with a kernel for a component. The method can be applied to general quadrupole magnets beyond a thin lens approximation as well as drift spaces. We found that the model can successfully describe the PARMILA simulation result through an FODO lattice structure for the Gaussian input beam without space charge effects.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Adrenal ganglioneuroma with hepatic metastasis

Ganglioneuroma is the most differentiated tumor of neural crest origin and rarely arises in the adrenal gland. Ganglioneuroma is typically known to be benign, but very rarely can metastasize to distant sites. We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a huge adrenal mass with hepatic metastases

Traumatic Neuroma around the Celiac Trunk after Gastrectomy Mimicking a Nodal Metastasis: A Case Report

Traumatic neuroma is a well-known disorder that occurs after trauma or surgery involving the peripheral nerve and develops from a nonneoplastic proliferation of the proximal end of a severed, partially transected, or injured nerve. We present a case of traumatic neuroma around the celiac trunk after gastrectomy in a 56-year-old man, which was confirmed by pathology. CT demonstrated the presence of a lobulated, homogeneous, hypoattenuating mass around the celiac trunk, mimicking a nodal metastasis

DESIGN OF THE 4 MeV RFQ FOR THE HELIUM BEAM IRRADIATOR*

Abstract A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is considered as a main accelerator of the helium beam irradiation system for the power semiconductor in Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) The RFQ was designed to accelerate the He2+ beam up to 4 MeV with 10 mA peak beam current. We chose a vane type RFQ with 200 MHz operating frequency. The RFQ will be operated with the frequency tracking mode supplied by the digital low level RF control system. In this paper, the design of the 4 MeV RFQ is presented and the beam irradiation system including RF system, control system, utility system, is discussed

Characteristics and efficacy of fish-derived gelatin microparticles as an embolic agent in a rabbit renal model: regulation of the degradation period by molecular weight

PURPOSE:To evaluate the embolic effect of fish-derived gelatin microparticles (GMPs) and compare the degradation periods and biocompatibilities of different molecular weight (MW) GMPs in a rabbit model.METHODS:GMPs were designed to degrade within 21 days (high MW GMP, 15-30 kDa) and 2 days (low MW GMP, 5-15 kDa) in vivo. Renal arteries of 24 rabbits were embolized using both high and low MW GMPs (155-350 µm). Rabbits were sacrificed either immediately after embolization, or after follow-up (F/U) angiogram on days 2 and 21 of embolization, respectively (4 rabbits in each of the 6 subgroups). Pathological changes of recanalized vessels were evaluated using the Banff classification. For the in vitro study, each type of GMP was mixed with normal saline and morphological changes were compared for 14 days.RESULTS:Fish-derived GMPs showed effective embolization. On 2-day F/U angiography, occluded vessels were more recanalized to the peripheral branches in low MW group. On day 21, a parenchymal perfusion defect recovered to a greater extent in low MW group than that in high MW group. Mean Banff scores for intimal arteritis on 2-day F/U and interstitial fibrosis on 21-day F/U were higher in high MW group (1.75 ± 0.58 vs. 0.19 ± 0.4 and 2.56 ± 0.63 vs. 0.88 ± 0.89; P < .001). On in vitro assessment, low MW GMP lost the spherical shape and degraded, and was invisible on microscopy on day 6, whereas high MW GMP was only partially degraded after 2 weeks.CONCLUSION:Fish-derived GMPs showed effective embolization in a rabbit model. Low MW GMPs degraded within 2 days with a low inflammatory response

Transparent actuator made with few layer graphene electrode and dielectric elastomer, for variable focus lens

A transparent dielectric elastomer actuator driven by few-layer-graphene (FLG) electrode was experimentally investigated. The electrodes were made of graphene, which was dispersed inN-methyl-pyrrolidone. The transparent actuator was fabricated from developed FLG electrodes.The FLG electrode with its sheet resistance of 0.45 kΩ/sq (80 nm thick) was implemented to mask silicone elastomer. The developed FLG-driven actuator exhibited an optical transparency of over 57% at a wavenumber of 600 nm and produced bending displacement performance ranging from 29 to 946 μm as functions of frequency and voltage. The focus variation was clearly demonstrated under actuation to study its application-feasibility in variable focus lens and various opto-electro-mechanical devices

HBsAg level and clinical course in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleoside analogue: five years of follow-up data

Background/AimsQuantification of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is increasingly used to determine the treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, there are limited data about the clinical implications of Quantification of HBsAg long-term nucleoside analogue treatment for CHB. We investigated the clinical correlation between HBsAg level and clinical course in patients with CHB who are treated long-term with nucleoside analogues.MethodsPatients with CHB who started lamivudine or entecavir monotherapy before June 2007 were enrolled. HBsAg was quantified at baseline, at 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of treatment. We compared data between the groups according to the presence or absence of a virological response (VR) and resistance.ResultsForty-eight patients were analyzed. There was no definite reduction in HBsAg level during the early period of treatment; differences in HBsAg levels between baseline and each time point were significant only at 5 years (P=0.028). In a subgroup analysis, this difference was significant only in non-resistant patients at 5 years (P=0.041).ConclusionsThere was no definite decrease in the HBsAg level during the early period of nucleoside analogue treatment, with long-term treatment being required to observe a significant reduction