Effect of diabetes index on periodontal disease in Korean adults

Background: It is known that diabetes can cause complications in various organs and affect oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus among Korean adults. Materials and methods: The study was conducted by the National Institute of Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015), produced by the Korea Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. A total of 4,780 patients took part in the survey of which 554 were diabetic patients. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the periodontal disease status of non-diabetics and people with diabetes mellitus, and multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of diabetes index on periodontal disease status. Results: Normal people showed better periodontal disease and oral care status than diabetic patients. However, all three diabetic factors (glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, insulin) had no statistically significant influence on periodontal disease. Conclusions: The increase in the diabetic index may have a negative effect on various periodontal diseases, which may ultimately lead to poor oral hygiene and cause disease. Therefore, diverse studies on the diabetic index and periodontal disease are needed, and it is necessary to address the dental hygiene health of Korean adults through early education and campaigns to improve oral health. [Ethiop.J. Health Dev. 2020;34(Special issue-3):78-83] Keywords: Diabetes index, periodontal disease, oral health, Korean adult

Relationship Between Histological Features of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Ectopic Fat on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children and Adolescents

Objectives: To investigate the association between ectopic fat content in the liver and pancreas, obesity-related metabolic components, and histological findings of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children.Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 63 children with biopsy-proven NAFLD who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), anthropometry, laboratory tests, and body composition analysis. Clinical and metabolic parameters, MRI-measured hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and pancreatic fat fraction (PFF), and histological findings were analyzed.Results: In a total of 63 children (48 boys, median age 12.6 years, median body mass index z-score 2.54), HFF was associated with histological steatosis [10.4, 23.7, and 31.1% in each steatosis grade, P < 0.001; Spearman's rho coefficient (rs) = 0.676; P < 0.001] and NAFLD activity score (rs = 0.470, P < 0.001), but not with lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and hepatic fibrosis. PFF was not associated with any histological features of the liver. Waist circumference-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were associated with the steatosis grade (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004, respectively). Alanine aminotransferase was not associated with steatosis but was associated with lobular inflammation (P = 0.008). Lobular inflammation was also associated with high total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.015, P = 0.036, and P = 0.038, respectively).Conclusions: Hepatic steatosis on MRI was only associated with the histological steatosis grade, while elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and lipids were related to the severity of lobular inflammation. Therefore, MRI should be interpreted in conjunction with the anthropometric and laboratory findings in pediatric patients

Are airline workers planning career turnover in a post-COVID-19 world? Assessing the impact of risk perception about virus infection and job instability

Airline workers have been suffering risks of job instability and virus infection since the outbreak of COVID-19. This research developed a novel framework explicating airline workers’ career turnover decision formation by considering the influence of perceived risks of virus infection and job instability during the COVID-19. A quantitative approach using a survey method was utilized to attain research goals. Our empirical findings revealed that airline image, attitude, and commitment have a significant influence on employee career turnover intention. Both attitude and commitment were identified as essential mediators. In addition, perceived risks of virus infection and job instability significantly moderated the relationships among attitude, commitment, and employee career turnover intention. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical framework for career turnover intention was demonstrated. Our findings help researchers and entrepreneurs find effectual ways to lower competent workers’ career turnover and raise their approach behaviors in a post-COVID-19 world

Association Serum Lipid Levels with Periodontal Disease in Korean Adults Over the Age of 50: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016-2018

PURPOSE Although the prevalence of periodontal disease in adults over the age of 50 is rapidly increasing, the association between serum lipid levels and periodontal disease in Korean adults over the age of 50 still remains to investigate. Thus, the aim was to determine the effect of serum lipid levels on periodontal disease in older adults over the age of 50 using data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS The study used the data of 809 adults aged ≥50 years targeted in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016–2018. Levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density- lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and periodontal conditions were measured. Complex-sample chi square test and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship serum lipid levels with periodontal disease. RESULTS The results of chi square tests showed that the prevalence of periodontal disease among the elderly ≥50 years were statistically significant differences according to gender, age, education level, marital status, and smoking status. After adjusting for all confounding factors, HDL-cholesterol alleviated periodontal disease, while LDL-cholesterol exacerbates periodontal disease. However, total cholesterol and triglycerides were not connected with periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, controlling HDL and LDL cholesterol levels through physical exercise could be a preventative measure for periodontal disease