Fixed-Point Performance Analysis of Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent neural networks have shown excellent performance in many applications, however they require increased complexity in hardware or software based implementations. The hardware complexity can be much lowered by minimizing the word-length of weights and signals. This work analyzes the fixed-point performance of recurrent neural networks using a retrain based quantization method. The quantization sensitivity of each layer in RNNs is studied, and the overall fixed-point optimization results minimizing the capacity of weights while not sacrificing the performance are presented. A language model and a phoneme recognition examples are used

Specific discrimination of three pathogenic salmonella enterica subsp enterica serotypes using CarB-based oligonuceotide microarray

It is important to rapidly and selectively detect and analyze pathogenic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in contaminated food to reduce the morbidity and mortality of Salmonella infection and to guarantee food safety. In the present work, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray containing duplicate specific capture probes based on the carB gene, which encodes the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase large subunit, as a competent biomarker evaluated by genetic analysis to selectively and efficiently detect and discriminate three S. enterica subsp. enterica serotypes: Choleraesuis, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium. Using the developed microarray system, three serotype targets were successfully analyzed in a range as low as 1.6 to 3.1 nM and were specifically discriminated from each other without nonspecific signals. In addition, the constructed microarray did not have cross-reactivity with other common pathogenic bacteria and even enabled the clear discrimination of the target Salmonella serotype from a bacterial mixture. Therefore, these results demonstrated that our novel carB-based oligonucleotide microarray can be used as an effective and specific detection system for S. enterica subsp. enterica serotypes.open117Nsciescopu

A Postpaid Micropayment Scheme with Revocable Customers' Anonymity

[[abstract]]A new postpaid micropayment scheme is first proposed to protect customers' anonymity and provides customers' convenience. Due to customers' anonymity, customers can anonymously transact with merchants and obtain the goods/services before being charged. This scheme satisfies three properties of anonymity. First, the customer's identity is protected by a pseudonym. Second, the adversary cannot figure anonymous customers out by tracing their payments. Third, there is a trusted authority to revoke customers' anonymity when some disputes happen. On the other hand, the postpaid function provides customers with the convenience of using the credit to buy goods/services.[[notice]]補正完畢[[journaltype]]國際[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙本[[countrycodes]]TW

Enhanced toluene removal using granular activated carbon and a yeast strain candida tropicalis in bubble-column bioreactors

The yeast strain Candida tropicalis was used for the biodegradation of gaseous toluene. Toluene was effectively treated by a liquid culture of C. tropicalis in abubble-column bioreactor, and the tolueneremoval efficiency increased with decreasing gas flow rate. However, toluene mass transfer from the gas-to-liquid phase was a major limitation for the uptake of toluene by C. tropicalis. The tolueneremoval efficiency was enhanced when granularactivatedcarbon (GAC) was added as a fluidized material. The GAC fluidized bioreactor demonstrated tolueneremoval efficiencies ranging from 50 to 82% when the inlet toluene loading was varied between 13.1 and 26.9 g/m3/h. The yield value of C. tropicalis ranged from 0.11 to 0.21 g-biomass/g-toluene, which was substantially lower than yield values for bacteria reported in the literature. The maximum elimination capacity determined in the GAC fluidized bioreactor was 172 g/m3/h at atoluene loading of 291 g/m3/h. Transient loading experiments revealed that approximately 50% of the toluene introduced was initially adsorbed onto the GAC during an increased loading period, and then slowly desorbed and became available to the yeast culture. Hence, the fluidized GAC mediated in improving the gas-to-liquid mass transfer of toluene, resulting in a high tolueneremoval capacity. Consequently, the GAC bubble-column bioreactor using the culture of C. tropicalis can be successfully applied for the removal of gaseous toluene

Migration, Family, and Risk Diversification

This paper proposes a formal model of migration in which workers are heterogeneous and markets are stochastically correlated. We derive and characterize the optimal migration pattern of a family. It is shown to depend on differences in expected earnings, costs of migration, income risks, and more importantly market correlations. We show that migration can take place even when migrants earn less abroad and, more surprisingly, when earnings in the foreign country are riskier for every member of the family. Moreover, it may well be an optimal arrangement to have only dependents migrate, thus rationalizing the recent dependent-oriented migration flows from places like Hong Kong and Taiwan. We also provide some evidence in support of our theory.Migration, Emigration, Family, Risk Diversification, Dependents

A Proxy Automatic Signature Scheme Using a Compiler in Distributed Systems for (Unknown) Virus Detection

[[abstract]]To detect any (unknown) virus, automatic signature schemes are proposed to be embedded in honestly-made compilers. But compiling load is centralized on the compiler makers. To distribute compiling load with the help of distributed servers, proxy automatic signature schemes are proposed for the distributed compilers. However, Lin and Jan's proxy automatic signature scheme is insecure and has length restriction of source programs. To remove these flaws, Hwang and Li also proposed their scheme. However, two signatures are used for the agreement of compiler makers and servers, respectively. But only the signature for the proxy agreement of compiler makers can be validated by anyone. To remove this inefficient flaw, a new efficient proxy automatic signature scheme is proposed. Except the efficient advantage, the proxy agreement being researched both by the compiler maker and servers can be validated by anyone at the same time. Only one signature is used to show the agreement. The correctness of compilers and executable programs can be validated without releasing source codes. Moreover the moderator can easily find out infection sources.[[sponsorship]]IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Distributed Processing (TCDP); Tamkung University[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencetkucampus]]淡水校園[[conferencedate]]20050328~20050330[[booktype]]紙本[[iscallforpapers]]Y[[conferencelocation]]臺北縣, 臺