Patch-Wise Semantic Segmentation for Hyperspectral Images via a Cubic Capsule Network with EMAP Features

In order to overcome the disadvantages of convolution neural network (CNN) in the current hyperspectral image (HSI) classification/segmentation methods, such as the inability to recognize the rotation of spatial objects, the difficulty to capture the fine spatial features and the problem that principal component analysis (PCA) ignores some important information when it retains few components, in this paper, an HSI segmentation model based on extended multi-morphological attribute profile (EMAP) features and cubic capsule network (EMAP–Cubic-Caps) was proposed. EMAP features can effectively extract various attributes profile features of entities in HSI, and the cubic capsule neural network can effectively capture complex spatial features with more details. Firstly, EMAP algorithm is introduced to extract the morphological attribute profile features of the principal components extracted by PCA, and the EMAP feature map is used as the input of the network. Then, the spectral and spatial low-layer information of the HSI is extracted by a cubic convolution network, and the high-layer information of HSI is extracted by the capsule module, which consists of an initial capsule layer and a digital capsule layer. Through the experimental comparison on three well-known HSI datasets, the superiority of the proposed algorithm in semantic segmentation is validated

Real-Time QCM-D Monitoring of Deposition of Gold Nanorods on a Supported Lipid Bilayer as a Model Cell Membrane

Gold nanorods (GNRs) exhibit promising potentials in therapeutics and diagnostics. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring was used to study the influence of size and solution chemistry on the deposition of GNRs on a model cell membrane. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) comprising zwitterionic 1,2-dioleoyl-snglycero- 3-phosphocholine were used as the model cell membrane. QCM-D results showed that the deposition mass of GNRs on SLBs increased with increasing GNR concentration from 1 to 50 mu M. The GNRs with smaller size exhibited a higher deposition mass in comparison with the larger one when they had a similar zeta potential. Additionally, pH also influenced the deposition behavior of GNRs on SLBs because of the change in their electrostatic interaction. Under neutral pH conditions, the deposition masses of GNRs on SLBs increased with increasing concentrations of NaCl, which is probably attributed to the reduced electrostatic repulsive force. However, the deposition mass of GNRs decreased over a range of CaCl2 concentration from 0.5 to 10 mM. In this case, the GNR aggregation and electrostatic repulsion between GNRs and SLBs may occur due to the charge reversal of SLBs. The deposition kinetic showed that the final deposition mass was positively correlated with the initial deposition rate. Furthermore, a possible mechanism was proposed. This study provides a good understanding of the deposition of GNRs with cell membranes