De la diversité des plantes alimentaires commercialisées sur les marchés à Quito

The systematic following of some markets of Quito and its neighbourhood allowed to make an inventory of the alimentary products of vegetal origin which are sold there. The complete list of used plants is given in annex with : their botanical names, their vernacular names in Spanish, some indications about their origin, rough climatological delimitations, their frequencies in the markets and how they are used. Particular emphasis was given to autochtones andines plants for which the observed variability was roughly described. Used documentation allowed to analyse times and ways of introduction of these plants in the Ecuador territory and to explain the lack of other species.Le suivi systématique de divers marchés de Quito et de ses alentours a permis de dresser un inventaire des produits alimentaires d'origine végétale qui y sont commercialisés. La liste complète des plantes consommées est donnée en annexe avec, en plus des noms botaniques, leurs noms locaux en espagnol et des indications sur leur origine, la région climatologique de culture, la fréquence sur les marchés et le mode d'usage. Une attention particulière a été accordée aux autochtones andines pour lesquelles on décrit rapidement la variabilité rencontrée. La documentation utilisée a permis d'analyser les dates et les chemins d'introduction des plantes alimentaires dans le territoire de l'actuel Équateur et de rechercher les raisons de l'absence d'autres espèces.Huttel Charles. De la diversité des plantes alimentaires commercialisées sur les marchés à Quito. In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 30ᵉ année, bulletin n°3-4, Juillet-décembre 1983. pp. 267-282

Assessing impacts of CAP reform in France and Germany

The 2003 CAP Reform left EU member states much room for national implementation. The farm group model EU-FARMIS is applied to quantify the effects of the reform and the impacts of the options for national implementation. The analysis is done for France and Germany because their implementation schemes adequately reflect the broad range of options. It is found that cereal and fodder maize production is reduced both in France and Germany. In contrast, the acreage of other arable fodder crops, of set-aside and of non-food crops is expanded. While bull fattening is substantially reduced in both countries, suckler cow production is extended in France due to partial decoupling, but reduced in Germany due to full decoupling. Sectoral income effects measured in Farm Net Value Added are similar. The regional implementation of decoupling in Germany induces a significant redistribution of direct payments and therefore causes differences in income effects depending on farm type, location and size.CAP Reform, decoupling, farm group model, FADN, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,

Theoretical Model of the Bistable Semiconductor Laser Diode Based on the Rate Equations

The paper describes theoretical and experimental results that enabled the authors to proof optical bistability behavior of a specially modified bistable semiconductor laser diode (BLD) created on a structure with a saturable absorption section. A mathematical model of the light-current characteristic, condition for bistability and the basic parameters of the hysteresis loop were derived by solving a system of three rate equations. That system was used for simulation of the light-current characteristic and conditions of bistability of the realized BLDs. For selected operating points of the simulated light-current characteristic the parameters of hysteresis loop and element values of the BLD electrical equivalent circuit for small signal variations were calculated. The bistability was experimentally measured by the new time method devised for impulse bistability verification (IBV). The basic measured and calculated parameters of the hysteresis loop of the BLD light-current characteristic were compared