PROBLEMS OF SUPERVISION AND TRAINING IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY ROUND TABLE, 1952

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73834/1/j.1939-0025.1953.tb00064.x.pd

Bacterial Metabolism of C1 Sulfur Compounds

The metabolism of C1 organosulfur compounds by the Bacteria is important in the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and carbon, and in climate regulation in terms of mediating release of e.g. dimethylsulfide from the oceans. Herein we review the canon of work on the metabolism of dimethysulfide, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylsulfone, methanesulfonate, dimethyldisulfide and methanethiol, in terms of dissimilation to formaldehyde or carbon dioxide when used as carbon and energy sources by methylotrophs or autotrophs; oxidation to sulfite prior to assimilation as sulfur sources, and use as respiratory terminal electron acceptors. We discuss the enzymology of the metabolism of these compounds and propose a revision to the Enzyme Commission classification to some of them where multiple enzymes are clearly grouped under one name at present. We also provide methodologies for enzyme assays, for the safe handling and quantification of these compounds, and for the synthesis of carbon-14, carbon-11, sulfur-34 and sulfur-34 compounds for use in physiological and ecological studies

AXISYMMETRIC, THROTTLEABLE NON-GIMBALLED ROCKET ENGINE

A rocket engine assembly is provided for a vertically launched rocket vehicle. A rocket engine housing of the assembly includes two or more combustion chambers each including an outlet end defining a sonic throat area. A propellant supply for the combustion chambers includes a throttling injector, associated with each of the combustion chambers and located opposite to sonic throat area, which injects the propellant into the associated combustion chamber. A modulator, which may form part of the injector, and which is controlled by a controller, modulates the flow rate of the propellant to the combustion chambers so that the chambers provide a vectorable net thrust. An expansion nozzle or body located downstream of the throat area provides expansion of the combustion gases produced by the combustion chambers so as to increase the net thrust

Flavoured jets with exact anti-ktk_t kinematics and tests of infrared and collinear safety

We propose extensions of the anti-$k_t$ and Cambridge/Aachen hierarchical jet clustering algorithms that are designed to retain the exact jet kinematics of these algorithms, while providing an infrared-and-collinear-safe definition of jet flavour at any fixed order in perturbation theory. Central to our approach is a new technique called Interleaved Flavour Neutralisation (IFN), whereby the treatment of flavour is integrated with, but distinct from, the kinematic clustering. IFN allows flavour information to be meaningfully accessed at each stage of the clustering sequence, which enables a consistent assignment of flavour both to individual jets and to their substructure. We validate the IFN approach using a dedicated framework for fixed-order tests of infrared and collinear safety, which also reveals unanticipated issues in earlier approaches to flavoured jet clustering. We briefly explore the phenomenological impact of IFN with anti-$k_t$ jets for benchmark tasks at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 36 pages, 27 figures, 1 table, code available from https://github.com/jetflav/IFNPlugi

Improving Activity and Engagement for Patients with Dementia

This is the second in a short series that presents case study examples of the positive work achieved by trusts that participated in the Royal College of Nursing’s development programme to improve dementia care in acute hospitals. Staff often think that there is insufficient time to get to know patients and carers, especially with large and challenging workloads. Combined with a lack of activities and stimulation for patients with dementia in hospital, this can result in poor engagement and a disconnect between staff and patients. To improve these relationships and give staff more time with patients, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has introduced bay nursing for patients with dementia, where one nurse is responsible for monitoring a bay alongside a healthcare assistant for an entire shift. Part of Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Glan Clwyd Hospital in North Wales has focused on improving stimulation by creating an activity room with a specially trained activity worker, providing a relaxed and friendly setting where patients with dementia can take part in a range of activities and have lunch together

Loss assessment of tall buildings from a vulnerability perspective

As the number of tall buildings in seismic areas around the world continues to grow, the ability to perform loss assessments becomes increasingly important. Due to their size, tall buildings house many businesses and/or residents, and any damage to these buildings has the potential to affect a large number of people. Furthermore, these buildings are expensive to build and repair. The financial resources needed to recover from the damage induced by earthquakes are generally not trivial amounts, and thus the ability to realistically model losses in tall buildings becomes essential. The loss assessment of tall buildings presents unique challenges, including the tendency for significant damage to be concentrated in a few stories rather than distributed throughout the building. The presence of excessive residual drifts in one or a few stories can result in the building being declared a total loss and demolished, even when the levels of damage in the rest of the building are relatively low. Accessibility issues can increase repair costs in a tall building relative to a shorter building as, for example, it is much easier to replace the window on the 2nd story of a 5-story building versus on the 20th story of a 50-story building. The long first-mode periods of tall buildings as well as the significant contribution of higher modes means that the ground motions used to assess the structural response must be carefully considered as both the low frequency and high frequency components of the ground motion affect the response. The evolution of building design is also an important factor in the loss assessment of tall buildings. The trend in recent years toward performance-based designs and a growing awareness for designs that reduce expected seismic losses play an important role in differentiating the expected losses of newer versus older tall buildings. This is in addition to the effects of advances in building codes and design practice that are typically seen over time, such as improvements in designing for ductility and reducing the risk of connection fractures in steel moment-resisting frames. This study examines the loss assessment of tall buildings from a vulnerability perspective, drawing on the unique characteristics of tall buildings previously noted. It discusses how the vulnerability characteristics of tall buildings affect the relative seismic risk and uses examples of major cities in North America and New Zealand to illustrate the effects

Isolation and characterization of Clostridioides difficile spores from contaminated single-used surgical gowns

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea globally. In the UK there has been a decline in the prevalence of C. difficile due to implementation of surveillance and infection control procedures. At Rideout Hospital, USA, however, there is a high incidence of C. difficile infection, which has been partly attributed to poor infection control measures. Other factors include the ability of spores to adhere to fomites such as surgical gowns. It has been demonstrated that the single-use polypropylene surgical gowns used at Rideout can ‘trap’ hydrophobic epidemic spores of C. difficile within the fibres, which can then be transferred to stainless steel surfaces and hospital floor vinyl; even with use of appropriate sporicides such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate. This study sought to establish the strains of C. difficile present on the gowns and thus inside the nosocomial environment. Contaminated gowns from Rideout were cultured for 5 days anaerobically in Brain –Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 0.1 % Sodium taurocholate. Broth culture was screened for the presence of C. difficile using CCFA media, C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE®, 16 s-23s RNA analysis and toxin PCR. Once isolated, strains were sequenced and tested for biocide susceptibility to in-use concentrations of Sodium dichloroisocyanurate. In total 23 suspected C. difficile samples were isolated from the gowns; of which 8 were confirmed. Sporicide susceptibility testing is ongoing. Once infective strains have been identified measures can be taken to enforce appropriate infection control procedures in order to limit the prevalence of spores and reduce infection rates

Next generation neural population models

Low-dimensional neural mass models are often invoked to model the coarse-grained activity of large populations of neurons and synapses and have been used to help understand the coordination of large scale brain rhythms. However, they are phenomenological in nature and, although motivated by neurobiological considerations, the absence of a direct link to an underlying biophysical reality is a weakness that means they may not be best suited to capturing some of the rich behaviors seen in real neuronal tissue. In this perspective article I discuss a simple spiking neuron network model that has recently been shown to admit to an exact mean-field description for synaptic interactions. This has many of the features of a neural mass model coupled to an additional dynamical equation that describes the evolution of population synchrony. This next generation neural mass model is ideally suited to understanding the patterns of brain activity that are ubiquitously seen in neuroimaging recordings. Here I review the mean-field equations, the way in which population synchrony, firing rate, and average voltage are intertwined, together with their application in large scale brain modeling. As well as natural extensions of this new approach to modeling the dynamics of neuronal populations I discuss some of the open mathematical challenges in developing a statistical neurodynamics that can generalize the one discussed here