Comparative Study on Two Commercial Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Optimum Ethanol Production on Industrial Scale

Two commercial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saf-Instant (Baker's yeast) and Ethanol red (Mutant) were compared for ethanol production during hot summer season, using molasses diluted up to 6-7° Brix containing 4%-5% sugars. The yeasts were propagated in fermentation vessels to study the effects of yeast cell count and varying concentrations of Urea, DAP, inoculum size and Lactrol (Antibiotic). Continuous circulation of mash was maintained for 24 hours and after this fermenter was allowed to stay for a period of 16 hours to give time for maximum conversion of sugars into ethanol. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (Saf-instant) with cell concentration of 400 millions/mL at molasses sugar level of 13%–15% (pH 4.6 ± 0.2, Temp. 32°C ± 1), inoculum size of 25% (v/v), urea concentration, 150 ppm, DAP, 53.4 ppm and Lactrol,150 ppm supported maximum ethanol production (8.8%) with YP/S = 250 L ethanol per tone molasses (96.5% yield), and had significantly lower concentrations of byproducts. By selecting higher ethanol yielding yeast strain and optimizing the fermentation parameters both yield and economics of the fermentation process can be improved

Bearing performance and damage characteristics of rein-infused thermoplastic 3D woven composites bolted joints

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the single-bolt single-shear (SBSS) and double-bolt single shear (DBSS) lap joint performance of resin-infused thermoplastic 3D fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) in on-axis (0°and 90°) and off-axis (45°) configurations. The bearing performance and failure mechanisms are compared with thermoset 3D-FRC. The resin-infused thermoplastic 3D-FRC bolted joint shows improved bearing performance in terms of higher ultimate bearing strength, stiffness loss strength, and reduced damage severity than its thermoset counterpart. Additionally, this paper presents a detailed study on the intermediate and final failure mechanisms, obtained from scanning electron microscopy of the interrupted and ultimate bearing tests, to understand damage progression in SBSS and BDSS lap joints at the submicron level. The major damage characteristics of a thermoplastic 3D-FRC bolted joint include plastic deformation and plastic kinking at the hole front tip, which improve the bearing capacity and reduce stress concentration, damage severity, and its deleterious effects

Lowering virus attack with improved yield and fiber quality in different cotton genotypes by early sown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

A three year study with the objective of exploring the possible role of different sowing dates and cotton genotypes on seed cotton yield, fiber quality and virus attack was conducted at the Cotton Research Station (CRS), Multan, Pakistan during three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008). Two cotton genotypes namely: MNH-6070 and CIM-496 were sown on five different sowing dates (15th April, 1st May, 15th May, 1st June and 15th June) during the three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008). The analyzed data indicated that early sown cotton (15th April) resulted in low virus attack (21.06%) and enhanced seed cotton yield (1575%), together with yield components (number of bolls per plant and boll weight), and improved fiber quality (staple length and micronaire) during all the three years as compared with late sown crop (15th June). Likewise, MNH-6070 also resulted in low virus attack (45.79%) and higher seed cotton yield (117.19%), as well as yield components. Regarding fiber quality, MNH-6070 resulted in higher micronarie, while CIM-496 resulted in higher staple length. Early sowing and cotton genotype MNH-6070 also resulted in maximum ginning out turn (GOT). Nonetheless, seed cotton yield and fiber quality were both negatively affected due to late sowing (1st and 15th of June) in both cotton genotypes. In crux, early sowing enhanced seed cotton yield due to increased number of bolls per plant, boll weight and low virus attack. Similarly, cotton genotype MNH-6070 also resulted to higher seed cotton yield, GOT and more resistance against virus attack due to its better genetic makeup. In summary, cotton genotype MNH-6070 should be sown on 15th April in order to obtain maximum seed cotton yield under agro-climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan.Key words: Sowing time, seed cotton yield, staple length, micronaire

Active surveillance of patients who have sentinel node positive melanoma:An international, multi-institution evaluation of adoption and early outcomes after the Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy trial II (MSLT-2)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168248/1/cncr33483.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/168248/2/cncr33483_am.pd

Utility of en-face imaging in diagnosis of occult macular dystrophy with RP1L1 mutation: A case series

© 2019 The Authors Purpose: To report en-face imaging findings at the level of ellipsoid zone (EZ) in two cases of occult macular dystrophy (OMD) with retinitis pigmentosa 1-like 1 (RP1L1) p.Arg45Trp mutation. Observations: In both patients who presented with decreased vision, pupillary examination, intraocular pressure, and anterior examination were normal. Ophthalmoscopic examination showed prominent choroidal marking whereas fundus autofluorescence was unremarkable. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed subtle gaps between EZ and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The photoreceptor disruption became more evident with en-face imaging at the EZ plane. Conclusions and importance: This is a report of two patients with EZ en-face imaging that aided in the diagnosis of OMD where other structural imaging was largely unremarkable. The en-face imaging modality can also be used to monitor OMD progression

LOW-LEVEL TIE FEATURE EXTRACTION OF MOBILE MAPPING DATA (MLS/IMAGES) AND AERIAL IMAGERY

Mobile Mapping (MM) is a technique to obtain geo-information using sensors mounted on a mobile platform or vehicle. The mobile platform’s position is provided by the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). However, especially in urban areas, building structures can obstruct a direct line-of-sight between the GNSS receiver and navigation satellites resulting in an erroneous position estimation. Therefore, derived MM data products, such as laser point clouds or images, lack the expected positioning reliability and accuracy. This issue has been addressed by many researchers, whose aim to mitigate these effects mainly concentrates on utilising tertiary reference data. However, current approaches do not consider errors in height, cannot achieve sub-decimetre accuracy and are often not designed to work in a fully automatic fashion. We propose an automatic pipeline to rectify MM data products by employing high resolution aerial nadir and oblique imagery as horizontal and vertical reference, respectively. By exploiting the MM platform’s defective, and therefore imprecise but approximate orientation parameters, accurate feature matching techniques can be realised as a pre-processing step to minimise the MM platform’s three-dimensional positioning error. Subsequently, identified correspondences serve as constraints for an orientation update, which is conducted by an estimation or adjustment technique. Since not all MM systems employ laser scanners and imaging sensors simultaneously, and each system and data demands different approaches, two independent workflows are developed in parallel. Still under development, both workflows will be presented and preliminary results will be shown. The workflows comprise of three steps; feature extraction, feature matching and the orientation update. In this paper, initial results of low-level image and point cloud feature extraction methods will be discussed as well as an outline of the project and its framework will be given

Phenotypic characterization of two indigenous chicken ecotypes of Pakistan

Aseel and Naked-neck chickens from various regions of Pakistan were studied (n=200; 100 (40 male, 60 female) in each) for phenotypic characterization based on head appearance; comb type; wattles size; colors and patterns of feathers on neck, breast, wing-bow, wing-bar, wing-bay, saddle and tail; shank color; spurs prevalence, and number of toes. Feather colors and patterns on the neck, breast, wing-bow, wing-bar, wing-bay, saddle and tail (

CHICK QUALITY OF HUBBARD BROILER BREEDERS TRAIN WITH THREE DIFFERENT EGG WEIGHTS AND STORAGE PERIODS AT FOUR PRODUCTION PHASES

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted at a commercial hatchery with the objective to evaluate the chick quality (average dayold chick weight, chick to egg ratio, A+ Chicks, A, US and B grade chicks) from fertile eggs of Hubbard broiler breeder strain during four production phases, categorized into 3 egg weights and 3 different storage periods maintained at. For this purpose, eggs during 4 production phases (pre-peak; 25-28, peak; 29-36, post-peak; 37-52 and terminal; 53-56 th weeks of age) were categorized into three different weight categories (small, medium and large; subject to change in each production phase), stored for three different durations (1, 4 and 7-days) and replicated 6 times. A total of 93312 fertile eggs; pre-peak: 11664, peak: 23328, post-peak: 46656 and terminal: 11664 eggs in 4 production phases were collected. During each week of the experiment, a total number of 972 eggs per storage period from three egg weight categories replicated 6 times (each replicate containing 54 eggs) were incubated in a commercial hatchery. The data were analyzed by ANOVA technique under randomized complete block design in 4×3×3 factorial arrangement and means were compared by using DMR Test. The results of the present study showed that the egg weight categories and length of storage period significantly (p<0.05) influenced the average chick weight, chick to egg ratio, A + chick's 'A' grade chick's US chick's and 'B' grade chicks percent. The highest average chick weight, chick to egg ratio, A + chick's and 'A' grade chick's percent was observed in large egg weight category followed by those in medium and small ones in all the production phases, while, the highest 'US' and 'B' grade chick's percent was observed in small egg weight category in all production phases. Higher average chick weight, chick to egg ratio and US chick percent were observed in one and four day's storage than that of seven days storage in all the production phases. Higher A + chick percent in one and four days storage was observed than that of seven days in peak and post-peak, while, higher 'A' grade chick percent was recorded in one and four days storage than that of seven days in pre-peak and peak

Vegetable Waste Inclusion in Broiler Diets and its Effect on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Immunity, Meat Mineral Content and Lipid Oxidation Status

ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding vegetable waste (VW) to broilers on their growth performance, serum chemistry, immune status, meat mineral content and lipid oxidation status. For this purpose, 100 one-day-old chicks (Cobb 500) were acquired from a commercial hatchery and allocated according to a completely randomized design into five dietary treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The dietary treatments included: T1 ( 100 % c o m m e r c i a l f e e d ( C F ) + 0 % V W), T2 ( 75 % C F + 25 % V W), T3 ( 50 % C F + 50 % V W), T4 ( 25 % C F + 75 % V W) and T5 ( 0 % C F + 100 % V W). Experimental birds were subjected to dietary treatments from 5 to 7 weeks of age. At the end of week 7 (49 days), eight birds with uniform average body weight were selected per treatment (2birds/replicate), kept off-feed for 4 h and then manually slaughtered according to the Halal method to collect data for serum chemistry, meat minerals and lipid oxidation status. The results indicated better meat lipid oxidation status (p≤0.05) and lower meat mineral content (p≤0.05) when birds fed VW at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the diets compared with 100% commercial feed. On the other hand, blood chemistry and antibody response parameters did not respond (p>0.05) to dietary intervention. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of vegetable waste had positive influence on meat quality in terms of meat lipid oxidation and meat mineral content, and may be replace up to 75% of commercial broiler feeds with beneficial effects