Frequencies Dominations for Different Rating of Distribution Transformer under Transients

Power transients faults on high voltage lines are prominently due to high frequency transients. These transients affect the predicted life and efficiency of equipment. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is helpful in analysing the effect of high frequencies and Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) provide support in diagnosis and detection of deformation in a transformers. The major aim of this study is to analyse the incorporation of frequencies based on resonating core of a particular transformer. Using transfer function method an impedance change in transformer has been observed when equipment is subjected to high voltage transients. The effect of change in impedance is that it degrade the life of a core with respect to time. In this paper, research that has been done already on Transformers of different ratings i.e. 100, 50 and 30 kVA are studied and then an experiment is performed on 50-kVA transformer. It was concluded that the core of a transformer having rating equal or less than 50 kVA practically shows single resonance behavior while above 50 kVA for instance 100-kVA transformer core resonates twice. In actual, result defines the core deviating frequency with respect to the rating of a transformer

Investigating The Combined Effects of Replacing Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Coarse Aggregate with Ceramic Tile Waste in Concrete Production

The aim of this study is to elevate the effects of combine inclusion of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as cement and ceramic tile waste (CTW) as coarse aggregate replacement on concrete properties. However, SCBA is a waste material and having good pozzolanic properties. The importance of sustainability and recycling has become increasingly recognized and understood in academia and industry over the last several decades. Besides that, the recycling construction waste and debris is one of many avenues that provide a great opportunity to reduce the construction industry reliance on decreasing natural resource supplies. In order to optimize the percent replacement of cement by SCBA, the cement has been partially replaced by SCBA constant, the ceramic waste is replaced at the dosages 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of coarse aggregates. The various outcomes of replacement by SCBA and CTW have been analyzed through evaluation of different properties like workability and compressive strength for 7 days and 28 days. The results further revealed that the workability decreased with the inclusion of SCBA and CTW. The compressive Strength of concrete mix was relatively higher at 10% replacement of cement by SCBA and 10% replacement of CTW, after which it decreased beyond 10% replacement. The maximum compressive strength was observed as 26.57 N/mm2 SCBA in proportion of constant 10% by weight in concrete mixes. It was deduced from the outcomes of this study that 10% SCBA and 10% CTW replacement by cement and coarse aggregates respectively could be considered as optimum replacement

Effect of ketamine infusion in treatment resistant depression and in depressive patients with active suicidal ideations: a study from North India

Background: Treatment resistant depression can be a life-threatening condition as it leads to an increase of suicide attempts by two to three folds. It has been estimated that nearly 1 million people die due to suicide every year, and more than two-third of these cases occur when the person is undergoing a major depressive episode. Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist, an anesthetic agent that is short acting and has recently been used as an antidepressant and anti-suicidal agent. It has been seen that a single intravenous infusion of ketamine at a lower dose. i.e., subanesthetic dose of 0.5 mg/kg over a period of 40 minutes produces antidepressant effect which lasts for about a week and various studies have proved that repeated infusions of ketamine can prolong the duration of the antidepressant response. Methods: It was an observational/descriptive study done in the ketamine clinic/ECT suite of institute of mental health and neurosciences Kashmir (an associate hospital of government medical college Srinagar) which runs once a week. In this study, patients satisfying the criteria of TRD and depressive patients with active suicidal ideations, visiting the ketamine clinic who had given a valid informed consent for ketamine infusion enrolled and observed for ketamine efficacy by using specific scales. The study done over a period of 18 months from January 2020 till July 2021. Results: The response rate of ketamine in our study for treatment resistant depression was 70.27%. The response rate of ketamine for suicidality in our study was 63.16%. Our study showed a rapid onset of action for ketamine, two hours after ketamine infusion. Conclusions: A significant fraction of patients suffering from major depressive disorder do not respond to antidepressants and have a poor psychosocial functioning and an increased risk of suicide attempts making their condition life threatening. These patients therefore require special attention to address their underlying condition as well as suicidality to improve their outcome. In this context we studied the role of intravenous ketamine infusion in these patients in improving the psychosocial outcome as well as preventing the suicidal ideation.

Ethnopharmacological studies on chrozophora prostrata in perspective of its folkloric reputation as purgative

This study was undertaken to validate the medicinal use of Chrozophora prostrata in constipation. The crude extract of C prostrata produced laxative effect in mice at 100 and 300 mg/kg, similar to carbachol and castor oil. In spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum tissues, C. prostrata (0.01-3 mg/mL) exhibited atropine-sensitive spasmogenic effect, which was reproducible in guinea-pig ileum. Interestingly, at high concentrations, C. prostrata showed concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on rabbit jejunum, suggesting the presence of accompanied spasmolytic activity. When tested on induced contractions, C. prostrata completely relaxed low K+-induced contraction, while partially inhibited high K+, similar to cromakalim. Tetraethylammonium pretreatment abolished the relaxant effect of C. prostrata on low K+-induced contractions while glibenclamide caused partial inhibition, suggesting the involvement of some non-specific and ATP-dependent K+ channels. These data show that C. prostrata possesses laxative effect at low doses mediated through cholinergic action followed by the spasmolytic activity at high doses mediated possibly through K+ channel activation

Perception and Facts Regarding Electroconvulsive Therapy at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a treatment method based on the induction of a generalized convulsion in patients after stimulation of the brain tissue with an electric current. ECT is widely used in United States as endorsed by American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2009) and has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for certain psychiatric disorders (APA, 2001). ECT is demonstrated to have a property of mood stabilization that is considered superior to pharmacotherapy in the management of several psychiatric disorders such as depressive episode, manic episode as well as mixed episode in bipolar affective disorder (Medda, Tony & Perugi, 2014). Administration of ECT provides a quick therapeutic response as compared to psychotropic medications. Neuroplastic changes are visible even after a single electroconvulsive stimulation (Sadock & Ruiz, 2009). About each neurotransmitter system is influenced by ECT comprising serotonergic, muscarinic, adrenergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic systems (Anttila et al., 2008).   Administration of ECT Appropriate equipment to monitor vital signs of the patient and to provide initial medical emergency cover are available at the areas of ECT treatment and recovery. Any optimal site of treatment has separate facilities of waiting area to have ECT done, treatment area where ECT is conducted and recovery area where post-treatment monitoring is done (APA, 2001). Some important equipment includes stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, pulse oximetry, electrocardiographic device and system of oxygen delivery in the vicinity of treatment area where ECT is delivered (McCall, Andrade & Sienaert, 2014). None of the patients is treated with ECT without his or her written informed consent that includes the understanding of patient about the process and effectiveness of ECT as well as his or her commitment on compliance (Mankad, 2015). Besides the informed consent, vital stability and fundoscopy of the patient are some of the prerequisites to be ensured before the administration of ECT.   Previous research indicates that a combination of ECT and the maintenance medication is highly effective as compared to medication alone (McCall, 2018). For the treatment of residual symptoms of the patient, to help him or her cope with stress effectively and to encourage the patient to return to his or her normal life, psychotherapy is quite helpful including individual therapy, family therapy or group therapy (Sackeim, 2001).     Mechanism of ECT The treatment of certain psychiatric disorders by using Electroconvulsive Therapy was introduced in 1938 for the first time (UKECTRG, 2003). Since then, it has been considered as an effective treatment for certain psychiatric disorders (Pagnin et al, 2004) as evidenced by extensive research (Kho et al, 2003). Ladislas Meduna is recognized as the inventor of ECT (Meduna, 1935). During the course of ECT, certain changes in chemical composition of the brain takes place that helps in treatment of certain psychiatric disorders (Meduna, 1936). Many theories regarding the mechanism of ECT has been devised over 75 years of research on ECT (Rasmussen, 2009). In a study of 1979, these theories about mechanism of action in ECT were categorized into structural, psychological, electrophysiological and biochemical domains (Fink, 1979). Recent concept about mechanism of ECT include advanced technologies to investigate morphological changes at cellular level termed as ‘neuroplasticity’ for animal studies and ‘neural connectivity’ for human studies (Bouckaert, 2014).   &nbsp

A Study of Thyroid Profile with Chronic Kidney Disease in a tertiary care hospital in northern India

Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) includes a spectrum of different patho-physiological events associated with abnormal renal functions and a progressive decrease in effective glomerular filtration rate. It is a condition defined by abnormalities of kidney structure or function for more than 3 months

Secondary metabolites from resins of Aloe vera and Commiphora mukul mitigate lipid peroxidation

Oxidative stress is often considered detrimental for cellular processes and damaging for the lipid bi-layer. Counteracting such stresses with the aid of nature-based chemical constituents can be an ideal therapeutic approach. The current study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of resins derived from the well-known Aloe vera and less known Commiphora mukul trees and their effect in mitigating the lipid peroxidation (LPO) process. The bio-guided isolation of bioactive fractions from both resins afforded 20 chemical constituents (17 from A. vera and 3 from C. mukul). These compounds belonged to anthraquinones, anthraquinone glycosides, quinones, coumarins, polypodane-type terpenoids and benzene derivatives. Major chemical constituents of the resins of A. vera and C. mukul were from the classes of quinones and terpenoids. Feroxidin (4, from A. vera) showed slightly higher inhibition (IC50 = 201.7 ± 0.9 µmol L–1) than myrrhanone C (18, from C. mukul: IC50 = 210.7 ± 0.0 µmol L–1) and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate from A. vera (13, IC50 = 232.9 ± 0.2 µmol L–1) compared to the other compounds. Structure-activity relationship showed that the existence of hydroxyl, methoxy and ether groups might play a major role in countering oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, anti-LPO activities of compounds 1–4, 14, 18 and 20 are reported for the first time. Such chemical constituents with high anti-lipid peroxidation activity could be helpful in synthesizing candidate drugs

Spontaneous Rupture of Malarial Spleen: Report of Two Cases

Malaria is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Saudi Arabia. The infection has serious consequences in those residing in non endemic regions on travelling to endemic areas, due to lack of immunity to the parasite. In this report, we describe the clinical course of two patients who travelled to a malaria endemic area. Both contracted the infection and presented with splenic rupture. They received splenectomy in addition to the appropriate antimalarial medications, with successful outcome

5-epi-Incensole: synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and absolute configuration by means of ECD and VCD studies in solution and solid state

Incensole 1 and its acetate 2, found in incense, demonstrate interesting biological activities. Incensole acetate 2 was prepared on a large scale by employing the Paul and Jauch protocol from the crude extracts of Boswellia papyrifera Hochst. 5-epi-Incensole 3, obtained as colorless crystals, was prepared from incensole acetate via three steps; deacetylation, oxidation and reduction. The structure of 5-epi-incensole 3 was elucidated by means of spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configuration was established by single crystal X-ray analysis in combination with electronic and vibrational circular dichroism. In particular, the applicability of the solid-state ECD/TDDFT protocol to a compound with only two non-conjugated alkene chromophores was verified

QUANTIFICATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS IN COFFEE SAMPLES

Background: Flavonoids are the phenolic substances widely found in fruits, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and coffee. Methodology: In the current study quantity of flavonoids and antibacterial activities were determined in different coffee samples namely Nescafe classic, Nescafe gold, Nescafe martina, original, creamy and cafe soluvel by using standard methodology available in literature. Results: Nescafe original and gold showed highest content of flavonoid while cafe soluvel showed lowest content of flavonoid. Cafe soluvel, gold and classic showed good antibacterial activities. Conclusion: This study showed that coffee is good source of flavonoids and had excellent antibacterial potential