Study on development of highly conductive materials via electroless deposition technique for advance wearable devices （先端ウェアラブル機器のための無電解蒸着技術を通じた高伝導性材料の開発に関する研究）

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（工学）この博士論文は、次の学術雑誌論文を一部に使用しています。 / Nanomaterials 11(2) :531(2021); doi:10.3390/nano11020531 © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. / Fibers and polymers (inprint) :(2021); doi: / Materials Chemistry and Physics 255 :123614(2020); doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123614. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. / Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138(46) :51381(2021); doi:10.1002/app.51381 © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.ThesisHUSSAIN NADIR. Study on development of highly conductive materials via electroless deposition technique for advance wearable devices （先端ウェアラブル機器のための無電解蒸着技術を通じた高伝導性材料の開発に関する研究）. 信州大学, 2021, 博士論文. 博士（工学）, 甲第769号, 令和03年09月30日授与.doctoral thesi

Fungal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials

The biomass must be converted to fermentable carbohydrates through pretreatment process to break down the complex structure to its constituents prior to fermentation. For lignocellulosic materials, lignin moiety is extremely resistant to degradation because of hydrogen bond cross-linking between the cellulose and hemicellulose. Biological pretreatment using white-rot fungi are novel method and environmental-friendly as a method of biomass deconstruction as compared to other conventional means. These fungi can excrete ligninolytic enzymes to degrade lignin although the rate of deconstruction is slow. Hence, this chapter will focus on the fungal pretreatment or delignification process using white-rot fungi as it is an important step to increase the feedstock conversion

Role of District Education Officials in Quality Education in Nanguan and Shikarpur Districts: A Comparative Study Between China and Pakistan

The purpose of the study is to understand the role of district educational official(s) in bringing quality in education in schools at district level with respect to the educational objectives at ministry of education level, provincial education department level and at local district level. Two districts; Nanguan district (China) and Shikarpur district (Pakistan) are studied and compared with each other because of the convenience for researcher and good friendship between these two countries. This is comparative study, which adopts descriptive type of research, and qualitative research design. Semi-structured interview and observation report; are used as research tools for data collection. Purposive sampling type is adopted as to make this study possible to complete and having strong relationship of district educational officials’ interventions with quality in education in variety of schools. District educational official(s) and four schools (primary, junior secondary, countryside and city) in each district are visited. Results of the study show that district educational officials of both districts are aware about the educational objectives at these three levels of educational administration. They perceive quality in education differently with respect to their local and contextual environment. Arranging different trainings for school heads and teachers and calling meetings are the only two similar interventions among these two district educational officials that they take to achieve quality in education; rest interventions are totally different. There seems more implication of the interventions of the Nanguan district education bureau official in the schools than the implication of the interventions of Shikarpur district educational officials in schools; as to achieve their perceived quality in education in their respective districts

Chicken Eggshell as a Potential Eco-friendly, Low-cost Sorbent: A Mini Review

Water and soil are the basic needs of human being. Urbanization and industrialization activities are growing day by day, as we know mining, smelting, agriculture, and other industrial enterprises etc. are playing a vital role in any country’s economic growth. But these anthropogenic activities create a somber environmental pollution. For the sustainability of green environment, many studies have reviewed for the removal of toxic heavy metal i.e. ion exchange, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, flocculation, electrolysis, coagulation etc. however, these methods have several disadvantages such as unpredictable metal ion removal, toxic sludge generation, requirement of huge amount of reagents etc. Adsorption is a very easy, cost-effective process that has become a best-preferred technique for the removal of toxic heavy metal contamination in soil and water. Cost is the important factor for the selection of adsorbent material and the expense of individual adsorbent varies depending upon its local availability and the degree of processing. Several natural adsorbent materials are available in the world. This paper reviews the use of highly efficient, cheap and readily accessible kitchen waste eggshell. Eggshell is one of the most environmental friendly and cost effective sorbent, due to high CaCO3 concentration, which helps to restrain heavy metals, fluoride, phenol, and petrol etc. from contaminated soil and water, due to its physiochemical properties eggshell has many applications in the field of bioremediation, material, and metallurgical sciences. This sorbent is being proved to be a more useful and environmental friendly. Keywords: Adsorption, Anthropogenic, Eggshell, Heavy metals contamination, Low-cost sorbent

Pathophysiology and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension--a review

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension is a syndrome involving reduced intracranial pressure secondary to a dural tear which occurs mostly due to connective tissue disorders such as Marfans Syndrome, and Ehler Danlos Syndrome. Patients with dural ectasias leading to CSF leakage into the subdural or epidural space classically present with orthostatic headaches and cranial nerve deficits mostly seen in cranial nerves V-VIII. Diagnosis of SIH is confirmed with the aid of neuroimaging modalities of which Cranial MR imaging is most widely used. SIH can be treated conservatively or with epidural blood patches which are now widely being used to repair dural tears, and their effectiveness is being recognized. Recently epidural injection of fibrin glue has also been used which has been found to be effective in certain patients

Assessment of Distillery Effluent on Soil Quality of Adjoining Communities- A Case Study

This study is conducted to evaluate the inmical impact of distillery spent wash on the soil properties. This is a quantitative study based on the physico-chemical analysis of distillery spent wash and soil. Soil and spent samples were collected from two different locations; Mirpurkhas and Tando Muhammad Khan in Sindh province, A controlled soil sample was also collected from Town Tando Qaiser, Hyderabad district, where there is no distillery operating and has farms. All the samples were analyzed with different analytical parameters and compared with Sindh Environmental Quality Standards. The testing methods were followed under standard reference methods of ASTM-2011, USEPA-2001 and APHA-2005. The analytical results have shown the chronic effect of spent wash on the soil, Electrical conductivity of district Mirpurkhas was found 92348.421μs/cm and Tando Muhammad Khan has 76375.134μs/cm, which was greater than the controlled samples EC of 18229.89μs/cm. Both distilleries have very high electrical conductivity of 171448.65μs/cm and 160314.462μs/cm respectively. Other results of spent wash and soil were also exceeding the limit of SEQs and controlled sample. The distillery spent wash has high concentration of BOD (760 mg/l, 4,120 mg/l) and COD (2,950 mg/l, 20,640 mg/l) as compared to SEQs BOD (80 mg/l) and COD (150 mg. l) for discharge of industrial effluent. Both the distilleries discharged their effluent directly into the river canal. The physical appearance of the soil was noticed to be garish black in color and stunted growths of trees indicate the excessive use of spent wash for irrigation

The Relationship between Knowledge Management Practices and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Banking Sector of Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The main objective of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between knowledge management practices and organizational performance in the banking sector of districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Target population of the study was all the employees providing customer services of all banks located in the districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. Simple random sampling was used to select an appropriate and truly representative sample. Sample size of this research was 306 and out of 306 questionnaires, 291 were useful for the purpose of this research and hence making our response rate 95%. The reliability of data was tested by Cronbach’s alpha and regression analysis was used for testing of hypotheses. All the hypotheses of the study were accepted which stated that information technology, organizational elements and knowledge have positive relationship with organizational performance and further this relationship was statistically significant. This study has been conducted in the banking industry which bars to generalize the results of this research to other business settings. The findings of this kind of study are possibly useful to decision making bodies within the Banking services and it is also helpful for the government policy makers to develop policies for the better operations of banking sector with the aim of growing banking industry. This study makes a contribution in knowledge management literature by empirically investigating the impact of knowledge management practices on organizational performance

Improving the Resilience of Wireless Sensor Networks Against Security Threats: A Survey and Open Research Issues

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has gained importance in recent years due to its various benefits, practicability and extensive utilization in diverse applications. The innovation helps to make real-time automation, monitoring, detecting and tracking much easier and more effective than previous technologies. However, as well as their benefits and enormous potential, WSNs are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. This paper is a systematic literature review of the security-related threats and vulnerabilities in WSNs. We review the safety of and threats to each WSN communication layer and then highlight the importance of trust and reputation, and the features related to these, to address the safety vulnerabilities. Finally, we highlight the open research areas which need to be addressed in WSNs to increase their flexibility against security threats

Polio - an endemic disease in Pakistan: Literature review

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious and incurable disease, which mainly affects children under five years of age leading to irreversible paralysis and possibly death. For decades, both private and government organizations have been putting efforts through their partnership to eradicate polio completely from the different parts of the globe and as a result of those efforts there are left only three countries which are currently polio endemic. Since Pakistan is one of those three countries which still remain polio endemic along with Afghanistan and Nigeria, it is significant to address this issue and work on the preventive measures to control the incidence of such a lethal disease. In Pakistan, a program was introduced on immunization in 1978, known as Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The main purpose of EPI was to reduce the burden of diseases like polio and tetanus. Although the number of polio cases has fallen due to the classic efforts of government and other NGOs, polio is not eradicated from Pakistan. This situation is thought provoking. Even after the great global efforts; polio is not eradicated from Pakistan. Multiple factors might have prevented the eradication of this deadly disease from our society

The Pakistan risk of myocardial infarction study: A resource for the study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of myocardial infarction in south Asia

The burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing at a greater rate in South Asia than in any other region globally, but there is little direct evidence about its determinants. The Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study (PROMIS) is an epidemiological resource to enable reliable study of genetic, lifestyle and other determinants of CHD in South Asia. By March 2009, PROMIS had recruited over 5,000 cases of first-ever confirmed acute myocardial infarction (MI) and over 5,000 matched controls aged 30-80 years. For each participant, information has been recorded on demographic factors, lifestyle, medical and family history, anthropometry, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. A range of biological samples has been collected and stored, including DNA, plasma, serum and whole blood. During its next stage, the study aims to expand recruitment to achieve a total of about 20,000 cases and about 20,000 controls, and, in subsets of participants, to enrich the resource by collection of monocytes, establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines, and by resurveying participants. Measurements in progress include profiling of candidate biochemical factors, assay of 45,000 variants in 2,100 candidate genes, and a genomewide association scan of over 650,000 genetic markers. We have established a large epidemiological resource for CHD in South Asia. In parallel with its further expansion and enrichment, the PROMIS resource will be systematically harvested to help identify and evaluate genetic and other determinants of MI in South Asia. Findings from this study should advance scientific understanding and inform regionally appropriate disease prevention and control strategies