Deteksi Escherichia Coli Patogen pada Pangan Menggunakan Metode Konvensional dan Metode Multiplex Pcr

Foodstuffs are a source of nutrition for humans and as well as a source of food for microorganisms. Microbes can contaminate food through water, dust, air, soil, processing tools (during production or preparation processes, as well as secretions from human and animal guts). Food can be toxic because it has been contaminated by pathogenic bacteria which can then grow and multiply during storage, so the bacteria are able to produce toxins that are harmful to humans. The aimed of this study was to detect the presence of Escherichia coli pathogen in food. This type of research is experimental laboratory using conventional method and multiplex PCR method. 8 positive samples of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by conventional method, consisting of 5 samples of tofu; 2 samples of ice syrup and 1 sample iced tea. All positive samples in EMB agar continued Escherichia coli pathogen detection using PCR multiplex method. From the PCR multiplex test, no samples were detected Escherichia coli pathoge

POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM EKSTRAK TEH MERAH (Hibiscus sabdariffa) DAN TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis) TERHADAP PROSES ATEROGENESIS PADA TIKUS DENGAN DIET ATEROGENIK

Tea is a drink that is consumed by various levels of community in many countries. Tea is the second most-commonly consumed liquid after water. Several epidemiological studies indicated that polyphenol consumption of green tea as well as other herbal polyphenol may reduce the incidence rate of degenerative diseases, particularly the risk of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the potential and the antioxidant mechanism of the extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and red tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on the prevention of endothelial dysfunction should be studied further. The potential antioxidant effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) is catechin and red tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is anthocyanin. The objective of this study was to disclose the preventive effect of the administration of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and red tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extract to oxidative stress and atherogenesis in rats given with atherogenic diet. This was a laboratory experimental study using separate sample pretest-post-test control group design. The experimental animals of Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into seven groups, 1 pretest group, 4 treatment groups, i.e., atherogenic and red tea of 150 mg (A+TM150), atherogenic and red tea of 300 mg (A+TM300), atherogenic and green tea 150 mg (A+TH150), and atherogenic and green tea 300 mg (A+TH300), and 2 control groups, normal diet (ND) and atherogenic diet (AD). Each group consist of four rats. The length of the treatment was 8 weeks. Parameters measured was foam cells count, ADMA level, F2-isoprostan, and SOD levels in aortic tissue, and ADMA, F2-isoprostan and SOD levels in the serum. Data were analyzed multivariately using computerized statistical program. The result revealed that foam cell count in aortic tissue of AD group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to that in ND group, and so were the F2 isoprostan and ADMA levels both in aortic tissue and serum. SOD activity either in aortic tissue or serum in AD group was lower but not significant than that in ND. In all treatment groups (A+TM150, A+TM300, A+TH150, A+TH300), the four parameters showed significant difference (p < 0.05) as compared to AD. The highest reduction of foam cells was found in A+TH150 group. The highest reduction of ADMA in tissue and serum was found in A+TM300 group. The highest reduction of F2 isoprostan in endothelial tissue and serum was found in A+TM300 group. The highest increase of SOD in aortic tissue and serum was found in A+TH300. The result of discriminant analysis revealed that the discriminator variable of atherogenesis in the tissue was foam cell, SOD, and F2-isoprostan, while the discriminator variable of atherogenesis in the serum was SOD. In conclusion, atherogenic diet given for 8 weeks successfully induced an oxidative stress and atherogenesis in rats. The administration of green tea and red tea was able to improve oxidative stress and reduce the progress of atherogenesis in rats with atherogenic diet. The preventive mechanism of red and green tea extract against atherogenesis is by relieving oxidative stress through the increase of SOD activity

Effect of Probiotic Milk containing L. casei Shirota on Immunoglobulin G Levels among Anemic Adolescent Girls

ABSTRACT Probiotic play important role on immune systems. This study was to investigate effect of probiotic milk containing L. casei Shirota on immunoglobulin G levels among anemic adolescent girls. A total of 22 adolescent girls aged 13-18 years with anemia were included on this study. The subjects were separated into 2 groups i.e. a probiotic group and a control group by simple random sampling. During 4 weeks, a probiotic group received 1 tablet of 60 Fe elemental + 250 µg folate acid once a week and probiotic milk once daily. While a control group received 1 tablet of 60 Fe elemental + 250 µg folate acid once a week. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 4 weeks and assayed for immunoglobulin G levels by ELISA. Immunoglobulin G levels were not significantly increase after intervention. Compared with control group, probiotic milk administration in probiotic group did not significantly increased immunoglobulin G levels (p>0.05). The probiotic milk containing L. casei Shirota did not improve immunoglobulin G levels on anemic adolescent girls