Exploring Factors Influencing Fear of Crime in a Relatively Small Urban Setting of a Developing Country

The prevailing trend in fear of crime research revolves around using data predominantly sourced from major cities in developed nations. Unfortunately, this particular method greatly limits the relevance and universality of these investigations when it comes to smaller urban areas and developing nations. The aim of this study is to fill that gap in the literature. It focuses on three key factors: demographic characteristics, prior victimization, and neighborhood structure. The study was conducted in Elazığ, Turkiye, with 430 participants. Survey questions included Likert-type items. Fear of Crime scale provided a score of 2.37 which is very close to the notion of “not worried.” Hypotheses are tested using the Independent Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and correlation tests. According to the results, fear of crime was found to be higher for female participants compared to males, for people with no formal education compared to people with higher education, for people with prior victimization compared to people with no prior victimization, and for people who perceive neighborhood unity compared to people who think otherwise

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Fear of Crime in Small Towns: The Case of Elazig in Turkey

The prevailing trend in fear of crime research revolves around using data predominantly sourced from major cities in developed nations. Unfortunately, this particular method greatly limits the relevance and universality of these investigations when it comes to smaller urban areas and developing nations. The aim of this study is to fill that gap in the literature. It focuses on three key factors: demographic characteristics, prior victimization, and neighborhood structure. The study was conducted in Elazığ, Turkiye, with 430 participants. Survey questions included Likert-type items. Fear of Crime scale provided a score of 2.37, which is very close to the notion of “not worried.” Hypotheses are tested using the Independent Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and correlation tests. According to the results, fear of crime was found to be higher for female participants compared to males, for people with no formal education compared to people with higher education, for people with prior victimization compared to people with no prior victimization, and for people who perceive neighborhood unity compared to people who think otherwise

Exploring Factors Influencing Fear of Crime in a Relatively Small Urban Setting of a Developing Country

The prevailing trend in fear of crime research revolves around using data predominantly sourced from major cities in developed nations. Unfortunately, this particular method greatly limits the relevance and universality of these investigations when it comes to smaller urban areas and developing nations. The aim of this study is to fill that gap in the literature. It focuses on three key factors: demographic characteristics, prior victimization, and neighborhood structure. The study was conducted in Elazığ, Turkiye, with 430 participants. Survey questions included Likert-type items. Fear of Crime scale provided a score of 2.37 which is very close to the notion of “not worried.” Hypotheses are tested using the Independent Samples T-Test, ANOVA, and correlation tests. According to the results, fear of crime was found to be higher for female participants compared to males, for people with no formal education compared to people with higher education, for people with prior victimization compared to people with no prior victimization, and for people who perceive neighborhood unity compared to people who think otherwise

Optical properties of SiGe single crystals grown by liquid phase diffusion

In this article, we present measurements for the pseudo-optical functions of germanium-rich SixGe1-x (0.000<x<0.100) single-crystals(grown by Liquid Phase Diffusion; LPD) using spectroscopic ellipsometry and photo reflectance techniques in the energy range of 1.72–3.20 eV. The E1 interband transition energies are obtained from numerically differentiated optical spectra for various crystal compositions. It was shown that the values of E1 interband transition energy determined by both the ellipsometric and photo reflectance measurements for germanium-rich SixGe1-x single-crystals are in agreement with those of bulk SiGe crystals reported in the literature[21–24].The interband transition energies are found to be in the range of 2.100 and 2.215 eV for the composition values of 0.000<x0.100. The surface morphology of the crystals assayed via atomic force microscopy shows fibrous surfaces with the average grain size of 250 nm. The measured root-mean-square (rms) roughness and maximum height are in the range of 3.78–5.40 and 32.42–67.84 nm, respectively, with increasing germanium composition