Traditional Export Demand Relation: A Cointegration and Parameter Constancy Analysis

This study empirically estimates the critical parameters of the aggregate export demand function for Jordan by using annual time series data (1970-2004) and by applying both Johansen-Juselius and Saikkonen-Lütkepohl multivariate cointegration procedures. The empirical results confirm that there exists a unique and significant long-run equilibrium relationship among exports, foreign income, relative export price, and domestic output. Our estimation results show that income elasticity is much larger than unity while export price elasticity is slightly above one. The long-run estimate of the export price elasticity reveal that the Marshall-Lerner condition is satisfied for Jordan and currency devaluation may be effective in improving Jordanian exports and her trade balance. Moreover, domestic output has a positive and significant impact on Jordanian exports. Finally, tests for the parameter constancy suggested by Hansen and Johansen (1999) reveal that the hypothesis of stable long-run elasticities could not be rejected.Export demand, Elasticity, Cointegration, Stability analysis

Got Science? Club

Got Science? Club allows students to learn about the science that can be found in our daily lives using everyday items such as food and school supplies. Students will learn about these sciences through hands-on experiments, allowing them to truly experience the science around them

A Multi-hop Topology Control Based on Inter-node Range Measurement for Wireless Sensor Networks Node Localization

In centralized range-based localization techniques, sufficiency of inter-node range information received by the base station strongly affects node position estimation results. Successful data aggregation is influenced by link stability of each connection of routes, especially in a multi-hop topology model. In general, measuring the inter-node range is only performed for position determination purposes. This research introduces the use of inter-node range measurement information for link selection in a multi-hop route composition in order to increase the rate of data aggregation. Due to irregularity problems of wireless media, two areas of node communication have been considered. The regular communication area is the area in which other nodes are able to perform symmetrical communication to the node without failure. The irregular area is the area in which other nodes are seldom able to communicate. Due to its instability, some existing methods tried to avoid the irregular area completely. The proposed method, named Virtual Boundaries (VBs) prioritizes these areas. The regular communication area’s nodes have high priority to be selected as link vertices; however, when there is no link candidate inside this area, nodes within the irregular area will be selected with respect to their range to the parent node. This technique resulted in a more robust multi-hop topology that can reduce isolated node numbers and increase the percentage of data collected by the base station accordingly

Mekanisme Ganti Kerugian Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Dalam Perkara Penganiayaan Di Kota Surakarta

Crime is an integral part of human life on earth. The crimesare common and familiar in the community is that a criminal act persecution. However, in practice, laws are prioritizing the rights of the suspect or the accused, while the victims' rights are ignored. One of rights is rightfully of victims is penalized restitution. Restitusion for victims of crime can basically be done in three ways, that is through: 1) Merger Case of restitusion, 2) Torts lawsuits 3) Application for restitution. In practice, there are also other mechanisms through non litigation (penal mediation) between the perpetrator (suspect) with the victim in order to accelerate the victims to getrestitutionin accordance with the material losses suffered by the victim. But there are constraints in terms of the victims receive restitusionthat is the victim did not know about the the mechanism ofrestitution complex legal procedures the length of legal proceedings and still ambiguous the rule of law, about the setting restitution